Download Cellular Adaptation to Injury

Histology of Chronic Inflammation
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-20 7th Ed.
Maturation of Monocytes into Macrophages
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-21
Macrophage/Lymphocyte Stimulation
Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-22
Responses to Injury
Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 3-16 7th Ed
Phases of Wound Healing
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 3-14
Cellular Adaptation to Injury
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Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Atrophy
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-4
Hypertrophy (increase in cell size)
• Uterus during pregnancy
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-3
Hyperplasia (increase in cell number)
• Thyroid Adenoma
Robbins’ Pathologic Basis for Disease 8-6
Reversible vs. Irreversible Cell Injury
• Reversible
– Loss of ATP= cell swelling
– glycolysis=lactic acid= decreased pH
– decreased protein production
• Irreversible
– plasma membrane damage
– Damaged mitochondria
– damage lysosomes
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-19 7th Ed.
Transition from Reversible to
Irreversible
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-6 7th Ed.
Necrosis vs. Apoptosis
Necrosis
Chromatin clumping
Organelle swelling
Membrane Damage
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-6
Necrosis vs. Apoptosis
Apoptosis
Chromatin condensation and fragmentation.
Cytoplasmic budding.
Phagocytosis of extruded apoptotic bodies.
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-12
Apoptosis
1. Stimulus of apoptosis. (Death
ligands, lack of growth factors
or hormones, Injury).
2. Regulatory cytoplasmic
proteins. (BCL-2 family) (Some
promote some inhibit apoptosis)
3. Execution caspases. (Activate
endonucleases and proteinases).
4. Formation of Apoptotic Bodies.
(contain organelles and cytosolic
components).
Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-23
A
Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 1-25 7th Ed.
N
Next Time
• Introduction to the immune system
• Readings: Abbas & Lichtman, Chapter 1
Objectives
1. Describe the pathophysiology of acute inflammation.
1. Chronology, vascular changes, cellular events, histology,
resolution.
2. Differences from chronic inflammation
2. Describe the response and the cellular adaptations to
injury.
1. Phases of wound healing
2. Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia
3. Describe the differences between reversible and
irreversible injury.
4. Describe the differences between apoptosis and
necrosis.