Understanding The Function And Regulation Of Eukaryotic Release
... eRF1 is able to mediate this essential function, we extensively analyzed two motifs known to play a significant role in stop codon recognition. We found that the YCF motif most often contributed to eRF1 selective stop codon specificity while changes in the TASNIKS motif displayed non-specific stop c ...
... eRF1 is able to mediate this essential function, we extensively analyzed two motifs known to play a significant role in stop codon recognition. We found that the YCF motif most often contributed to eRF1 selective stop codon specificity while changes in the TASNIKS motif displayed non-specific stop c ...
ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein, a molecular switch in gene regulation
... little effect on the regulation of dnaA (Smith et al., 1997). In order to define whether this lack of repression was due to the ADP–DnaA/ATP–DnaA switch, we analyzed a DNA fragment containing ATP–DnaA boxes a, b, c and DnaA boxes 1 and 2 in the BIAcore. Binding of ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein to a wild ...
... little effect on the regulation of dnaA (Smith et al., 1997). In order to define whether this lack of repression was due to the ADP–DnaA/ATP–DnaA switch, we analyzed a DNA fragment containing ATP–DnaA boxes a, b, c and DnaA boxes 1 and 2 in the BIAcore. Binding of ATP– and ADP–DnaA protein to a wild ...
store-operated calcium channels
... selectivity and conductance failed to match those of ICRAC (399), and it was not clear in many cases whether the channels were truly store operated (74). In the meantime, ironically the founding member of the family, dTrp, was definitively shown to be store independent (313). Additional confusion ar ...
... selectivity and conductance failed to match those of ICRAC (399), and it was not clear in many cases whether the channels were truly store operated (74). In the meantime, ironically the founding member of the family, dTrp, was definitively shown to be store independent (313). Additional confusion ar ...
University of Groningen Polymerization of the bacterial cell division
... molecular biological level. For the Gramnegative model organism Escherichia coli, numerous cell division genes were identified in E. coli temperature sensitive mutants cells that did not divide properly, and hence were called fts genes, for filamentation temperature sensitive. Currently, all identif ...
... molecular biological level. For the Gramnegative model organism Escherichia coli, numerous cell division genes were identified in E. coli temperature sensitive mutants cells that did not divide properly, and hence were called fts genes, for filamentation temperature sensitive. Currently, all identif ...
Pulmonary Surfactant Protein A Activates a
... Surfactant protein A (SP-A), a major component of lung surfactant, binds to macrophages and has been shown to alter several macrophage biological functions, including up-regulation of macrophage mannose receptor (MR) activity. In the present study, we show that SP-A induces signal transduction pathw ...
... Surfactant protein A (SP-A), a major component of lung surfactant, binds to macrophages and has been shown to alter several macrophage biological functions, including up-regulation of macrophage mannose receptor (MR) activity. In the present study, we show that SP-A induces signal transduction pathw ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... as plant myosins (cited in [84]). However, none of these results have been reproduced. Myosin VIII designated as ATM1 [45] and myosin XI as MYA1 [44] were first identified and cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana. Because of similarity in overall domain structures, at the first discovery MYA1 was groupe ...
... as plant myosins (cited in [84]). However, none of these results have been reproduced. Myosin VIII designated as ATM1 [45] and myosin XI as MYA1 [44] were first identified and cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana. Because of similarity in overall domain structures, at the first discovery MYA1 was groupe ...
Epithelium and mucus
... cleaved during biosynthesis, but the two products remain associated. This is best studied for MUC1 where the SEA domain is cleaved early in biosynthesis by forces generated by folding and the two parts are held together within the SEA domain (21). In the intestine the MUC3, 12 and 17 family as well ...
... cleaved during biosynthesis, but the two products remain associated. This is best studied for MUC1 where the SEA domain is cleaved early in biosynthesis by forces generated by folding and the two parts are held together within the SEA domain (21). In the intestine the MUC3, 12 and 17 family as well ...
Dual function of Swc5 in SWR remodeling ATPase activation and
... H2A.Z is deposited into +1 nucleosomes by the SWR1 complex (referred to as SWR hereafter), a member of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler family (19,21,28). Unlike other remodelers, SWR does not cause a net change in histone octamer position or net loss of histones in vitro; instead it catalyzes ...
... H2A.Z is deposited into +1 nucleosomes by the SWR1 complex (referred to as SWR hereafter), a member of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler family (19,21,28). Unlike other remodelers, SWR does not cause a net change in histone octamer position or net loss of histones in vitro; instead it catalyzes ...
Cohesin`s ATPase Activity Couples Cohesin Loading
... cannot be released from DNA again because Wapl would be needed to open their exit gate [5, 12, 13]. However, if cohesin ATPase mutants are deficient in the step that entraps DNA inside the cohesin ring, Wapl depletion should not lead to a stabilization of these mutants on chromatin. To test this pre ...
... cannot be released from DNA again because Wapl would be needed to open their exit gate [5, 12, 13]. However, if cohesin ATPase mutants are deficient in the step that entraps DNA inside the cohesin ring, Wapl depletion should not lead to a stabilization of these mutants on chromatin. To test this pre ...
Rhomboid-7 and HtrA2/Omi act in a common pathway with the
... Omi acts downstream of Pink1 and independently from Parkin The Drosophila compound eye forms a stereotypical lattice of ~800 ommatidia (Fig. 1A). Overexpression of Drosophila pink1 causes a disorganization of the ommatidial array and roughening of the external eye morphology (Fig. 1B). The physiolog ...
... Omi acts downstream of Pink1 and independently from Parkin The Drosophila compound eye forms a stereotypical lattice of ~800 ommatidia (Fig. 1A). Overexpression of Drosophila pink1 causes a disorganization of the ommatidial array and roughening of the external eye morphology (Fig. 1B). The physiolog ...
The PINK1 p.I368N mutation affects protein stability and ubiquitin
... direct a complex regulated, sequential mitochondrial quality control. Thereby, damaged mitochondria are identified and targeted to degradation in order to prevent their accumulation and eventually cell death. Homozygous or compound heterozygous loss of either gene function disrupts this protective p ...
... direct a complex regulated, sequential mitochondrial quality control. Thereby, damaged mitochondria are identified and targeted to degradation in order to prevent their accumulation and eventually cell death. Homozygous or compound heterozygous loss of either gene function disrupts this protective p ...
375 Na+/Ca2+ ANTIPORT IN THE MAMMALIAN HEART
... there are four cassette-type exons (C, D, E and F) that may be inserted in various combinations; 32 possible isoforms can be generated in this manner (Kofuji et al. 1994). Thus, the cardiac isoform is A-C-D-E-F, the predominant patterns in brain are A-D or AD-F, and in smooth muscle the pattern is p ...
... there are four cassette-type exons (C, D, E and F) that may be inserted in various combinations; 32 possible isoforms can be generated in this manner (Kofuji et al. 1994). Thus, the cardiac isoform is A-C-D-E-F, the predominant patterns in brain are A-D or AD-F, and in smooth muscle the pattern is p ...
Spectrin functions upstream of ankyrin in a spectrin cytoskeleton
... pathway and that its function was independent of spectrin. However, a study of βIV spectrin knockout mice revealed that βIV spectrin and ankyrin-G are dependent on one another for assembly at the neuronal plasma membrane (Komada and Soriano, 2002). There are also direct interactions between β spectr ...
... pathway and that its function was independent of spectrin. However, a study of βIV spectrin knockout mice revealed that βIV spectrin and ankyrin-G are dependent on one another for assembly at the neuronal plasma membrane (Komada and Soriano, 2002). There are also direct interactions between β spectr ...
understanding the role of sumoylation in regulating lkb1 function
... subcellular localization. At the molecular level, SUMOylation can (1) inhibit the interaction between the target and its interacting partner, (2) enhance this interaction through creation of a binding surface where the target would recognize the partner via a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM), or (3) cha ...
... subcellular localization. At the molecular level, SUMOylation can (1) inhibit the interaction between the target and its interacting partner, (2) enhance this interaction through creation of a binding surface where the target would recognize the partner via a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM), or (3) cha ...
Functional analysis of parvin and different modes of IPP
... (CH) domains separated by a linker sequence, and a less-well conserved N-terminal region. In vivo structure–function analysis revealed that all the domains are essential for parvin function, whereas recruitment at integrin adhesion sites is mediated by two localization signals: one located within th ...
... (CH) domains separated by a linker sequence, and a less-well conserved N-terminal region. In vivo structure–function analysis revealed that all the domains are essential for parvin function, whereas recruitment at integrin adhesion sites is mediated by two localization signals: one located within th ...
two types of titin interactions lead to an asymmetrical sorting of actinin
... spectrin-like repeats (slrs) and a single site on titin. We also demonstrate that the central Z-repeats of titin can interact equally with the C-terminal domain of α-actinin, similarly to the flanking repeats. These interactions control the assembly of ternary complexes of titin, α-actinin and actin ...
... spectrin-like repeats (slrs) and a single site on titin. We also demonstrate that the central Z-repeats of titin can interact equally with the C-terminal domain of α-actinin, similarly to the flanking repeats. These interactions control the assembly of ternary complexes of titin, α-actinin and actin ...
Actin as target for modification by bacterial protein toxins
... Fig. 2. Different structures of actin–ADP-ribosylating toxins ⁄ effectors, which all modify actin at Arg177. The family of binary toxins consists of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin, Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT), Bacillus cereus vegetative insecticidal to ...
... Fig. 2. Different structures of actin–ADP-ribosylating toxins ⁄ effectors, which all modify actin at Arg177. The family of binary toxins consists of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin, Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, Clostridium difficile transferase (CDT), Bacillus cereus vegetative insecticidal to ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... to release a soluble ectodomain derivative into the apoplast. The ectodomain fragment is likely to be generated by a proteolytic mechanism called ectodomain shedding. Ectodomain shedding is well documented in animals, where it fulfils diverse regulatory functions on a range of different proteins. In ...
... to release a soluble ectodomain derivative into the apoplast. The ectodomain fragment is likely to be generated by a proteolytic mechanism called ectodomain shedding. Ectodomain shedding is well documented in animals, where it fulfils diverse regulatory functions on a range of different proteins. In ...
The G-protein regulator LGN modulates the activity of the NO
... A number of cellular proteins have been found to interact with sGC and influence its function. The association of sGC with HSP (heat-shock protein) 90 [12,13] or HSP70 [14] promotes NOdependent sGC activation, whereas the interaction with CCTη (chaperonin-containing T-complex polypeptide 1, η subuni ...
... A number of cellular proteins have been found to interact with sGC and influence its function. The association of sGC with HSP (heat-shock protein) 90 [12,13] or HSP70 [14] promotes NOdependent sGC activation, whereas the interaction with CCTη (chaperonin-containing T-complex polypeptide 1, η subuni ...
Differential recruitment of Dishevelled provides signaling specificity
... Frizzled2 (DFz2) has been proposed to encode the Wg receptor (Bhanot et al. 1996), although confirmation awaits more definitive evidence. This observation also raises the possibility that another member of the Wnt family, of which four have been identified in Drosophila, could function as the PCP li ...
... Frizzled2 (DFz2) has been proposed to encode the Wg receptor (Bhanot et al. 1996), although confirmation awaits more definitive evidence. This observation also raises the possibility that another member of the Wnt family, of which four have been identified in Drosophila, could function as the PCP li ...
Meclofenamic acid selectively inhibits FTO demethylation of m A
... In addition, reports indicate the involvement of the FTO protein itself in various diseases (22–26). Such discoveries make FTO an increasingly interesting target with respect to its functional links to human diseases. Another member of the AlkB family, ALKBH5, was also identified as an m6 A demethyl ...
... In addition, reports indicate the involvement of the FTO protein itself in various diseases (22–26). Such discoveries make FTO an increasingly interesting target with respect to its functional links to human diseases. Another member of the AlkB family, ALKBH5, was also identified as an m6 A demethyl ...
Focusing on unpolymerized actin.
... of actin filaments for these monomeric forms. This may allow thymosin/34 to serve as a physiological buffer for both ATP- and ADP-actin. Profilins are unique in having the ability not only to bind monomers, but also to contribute to filament elongation at the barbed but not the pointed end. In vitro ...
... of actin filaments for these monomeric forms. This may allow thymosin/34 to serve as a physiological buffer for both ATP- and ADP-actin. Profilins are unique in having the ability not only to bind monomers, but also to contribute to filament elongation at the barbed but not the pointed end. In vitro ...
The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome: a
... chaperone complexes. Yeast APC/C is estimated to have a mass of 1.7 MDa28 and can form even larger 36S dimers12,167. In vitro, the specific activity of these dimers is higher than that of monomers28 , which raises the interesting possibility that APC/C might function as a gigantic 3.4-MDa dimer in v ...
... chaperone complexes. Yeast APC/C is estimated to have a mass of 1.7 MDa28 and can form even larger 36S dimers12,167. In vitro, the specific activity of these dimers is higher than that of monomers28 , which raises the interesting possibility that APC/C might function as a gigantic 3.4-MDa dimer in v ...
RF3 Induces Ribosomal Conformational Changes Responsible for
... The tertiary structure of RF3GDP is distinct from that of EF-TuGDP (Figure 1C) but is markedly similar to that of EF-TuGDPNP (EF-TuGTP; Figure 1B). The rmsd for the superposed domains I and II of RF3GDP and EFTuGDPNP is only 1.6 Å, and their switch 2 regions are strikingly similar (Figure 1F) ...
... The tertiary structure of RF3GDP is distinct from that of EF-TuGDP (Figure 1C) but is markedly similar to that of EF-TuGDPNP (EF-TuGTP; Figure 1B). The rmsd for the superposed domains I and II of RF3GDP and EFTuGDPNP is only 1.6 Å, and their switch 2 regions are strikingly similar (Figure 1F) ...
Post-Translational Modifications of the TAK1-TAB Complex
... 2. TAK1 Signaling Pathway As shown in Figure 1, receptor-mediated TAK1 activation mostly depends on the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of TNF-receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 2 or 6 [3,21,22]. Once TNF-α binds to TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), the adaptor molecule TNFR1-associated DEATH domain protein (TRAD ...
... 2. TAK1 Signaling Pathway As shown in Figure 1, receptor-mediated TAK1 activation mostly depends on the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of TNF-receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 2 or 6 [3,21,22]. Once TNF-α binds to TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), the adaptor molecule TNFR1-associated DEATH domain protein (TRAD ...
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.