estrogen receptor by cyclin D1 Ligand
... with six distinct functional regions (termed A–F), which includes domains for DNA binding, ligand binding, and transcriptional activation. Like other members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, ER harbors two transcriptional activation functions (AFs) that act synergistically in transactiva ...
... with six distinct functional regions (termed A–F), which includes domains for DNA binding, ligand binding, and transcriptional activation. Like other members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, ER harbors two transcriptional activation functions (AFs) that act synergistically in transactiva ...
Annexin-Phospholipid Interactions. Functional Implications
... annexin A5 was the first annexin crystallized in 1990 [6,26]. From then on, numerous crystal structures have been reported and are available through the Protein Data Bank. These structures have allowed an extensive analysis of the calcium binding sites in annexins. Figure 1 shows the structure of ra ...
... annexin A5 was the first annexin crystallized in 1990 [6,26]. From then on, numerous crystal structures have been reported and are available through the Protein Data Bank. These structures have allowed an extensive analysis of the calcium binding sites in annexins. Figure 1 shows the structure of ra ...
Binding of Thrombin to Subendothelial Extracellular Matrix
... to begin when rapid activation of the hemostatic process is initiated after exposure of the subendothelium. This would then lead to thrombin generation, platelet activation and fibrin clot formation to establish a hemostatic plug (6). It has also been demonstrated that under certain circumstances, t ...
... to begin when rapid activation of the hemostatic process is initiated after exposure of the subendothelium. This would then lead to thrombin generation, platelet activation and fibrin clot formation to establish a hemostatic plug (6). It has also been demonstrated that under certain circumstances, t ...
CBP/p300 in cell growth, transformation, and development Richard
... p300 interaction, will be required to address this issue. ...
... p300 interaction, will be required to address this issue. ...
FOCAL ADHESION KINASE: IN COMMAND AND CONTROL OF
... cell stimuli or whether simultaneously there are different complexes with a larger pool of activated FAK. In this respect, we favour a sequential association model whereby the binding of cellular Src (hereafter referred to as Src) to FAK initiates signalling (discussed below) and the association of ...
... cell stimuli or whether simultaneously there are different complexes with a larger pool of activated FAK. In this respect, we favour a sequential association model whereby the binding of cellular Src (hereafter referred to as Src) to FAK initiates signalling (discussed below) and the association of ...
Formation of a highly peptide-receptive state of class II MHC.
... detergent-solubilized class II molecules from B cell lines. These studies found that antigenic peptides bind to purified class II molecules to form stable complexes, but that this binding is very slow (kon ≈ 1–100 M21 s21) (Buus et al., 1986; Roche and Cresswell, 1990; Roof et al., 1990). It was lat ...
... detergent-solubilized class II molecules from B cell lines. These studies found that antigenic peptides bind to purified class II molecules to form stable complexes, but that this binding is very slow (kon ≈ 1–100 M21 s21) (Buus et al., 1986; Roche and Cresswell, 1990; Roof et al., 1990). It was lat ...
Fibronectin and Other Adhesive Glycoproteins
... The FN1 module is found only in chordates (Tucker and Chiquet-Ehrismann 2009) (see Chap. 1). It has been noted that the N-terminal sub-domain of the VWF type C module of a2 procollagen shows a structural similarity with the fibronectin FN1 module (O’Leary et al. 2004) and suggested that the VWF type ...
... The FN1 module is found only in chordates (Tucker and Chiquet-Ehrismann 2009) (see Chap. 1). It has been noted that the N-terminal sub-domain of the VWF type C module of a2 procollagen shows a structural similarity with the fibronectin FN1 module (O’Leary et al. 2004) and suggested that the VWF type ...
Sanguinarine (Pseudochelerythrine) Is a Potent Inhibitor of NF
... antibody to either p50 (NF-kB1) or p65 (Rel A) subunits and then conducted EMSA. Antibodies to either subunit shifted the band completely to a higher molecular weight (Fig. 3B). Antibody against c-Rel or unrelated antibody, like antibody to cyclin D1, did not shift the NF-kB band, thus suggesting th ...
... antibody to either p50 (NF-kB1) or p65 (Rel A) subunits and then conducted EMSA. Antibodies to either subunit shifted the band completely to a higher molecular weight (Fig. 3B). Antibody against c-Rel or unrelated antibody, like antibody to cyclin D1, did not shift the NF-kB band, thus suggesting th ...
Identification of a C-terminal Poly(A)-binding Protein (PABP)
... sufficient to confer viability to cells depleted of the normal PABP gene (11). In Xenopus oocytes, RRMs can stimulate translation when tethered to reporter mRNA (18). As to the C terminus, although it does not bind RNA, it enables PABP to multimerize on poly(A) (12). Recently it was shown to include ...
... sufficient to confer viability to cells depleted of the normal PABP gene (11). In Xenopus oocytes, RRMs can stimulate translation when tethered to reporter mRNA (18). As to the C terminus, although it does not bind RNA, it enables PABP to multimerize on poly(A) (12). Recently it was shown to include ...
Glycosyltransferases and Transpeptidases/Penicillin-Binding
... wall precursors lipid II and lipid III [18]. This mode of action will not be discussed further in this cell wall precursors lipid II and lipid III [18]. This mode of action will not be discussed further in this review and we refer the reader to recent reviews on the subject [15,17]. The examples cit ...
... wall precursors lipid II and lipid III [18]. This mode of action will not be discussed further in this cell wall precursors lipid II and lipid III [18]. This mode of action will not be discussed further in this review and we refer the reader to recent reviews on the subject [15,17]. The examples cit ...
The RING Domain of Mdm2 Can Inhibit Cell
... Mdm2 isoforms inhibited their growth. Truncated variants were active as inhibitors whether they localized predominantly to the nucleus or cytoplasm. Despite the absence of the p53-binding domain, growth inhibition remained strictly p53 dependent (but not p19Arf dependent) and could be overcome by fu ...
... Mdm2 isoforms inhibited their growth. Truncated variants were active as inhibitors whether they localized predominantly to the nucleus or cytoplasm. Despite the absence of the p53-binding domain, growth inhibition remained strictly p53 dependent (but not p19Arf dependent) and could be overcome by fu ...
Negative regulators of integrin activity - Journal of Cell Science
... and docking protein 1 (DOK1) bind to the same membraneproximal NPxY motif in integrins as talin and are thus expected to compete with talin for integrin binding (Fig. 3). However, the relative binding affinities of these interactions are not known. Kindlins interact with the distal NxxY sequence of ...
... and docking protein 1 (DOK1) bind to the same membraneproximal NPxY motif in integrins as talin and are thus expected to compete with talin for integrin binding (Fig. 3). However, the relative binding affinities of these interactions are not known. Kindlins interact with the distal NxxY sequence of ...
The Plant Cell - Department of Biology
... KIC with Its Single EF-Hand Motif Binds Ca 2 Because KIC has a predicted EF-hand motif, we tested its Ca 2 binding properties using a bacterially expressed protein. The full-length KIC cDNA sequence was inserted into pET32a vector, which expresses the KIC protein as an S-tag fusion. The fusion pro ...
... KIC with Its Single EF-Hand Motif Binds Ca 2 Because KIC has a predicted EF-hand motif, we tested its Ca 2 binding properties using a bacterially expressed protein. The full-length KIC cDNA sequence was inserted into pET32a vector, which expresses the KIC protein as an S-tag fusion. The fusion pro ...
Investigations on Mitochondrial Pleomorphy and
... Figure 3.3 Fusion of giant mitochondria .................................................................................... 32 Figure 3.4 Giant mitochondria formed by plant submergence in water or mineral oil................. 33 Figure 3.5 Average ER polygon size comparison between light and dark c ...
... Figure 3.3 Fusion of giant mitochondria .................................................................................... 32 Figure 3.4 Giant mitochondria formed by plant submergence in water or mineral oil................. 33 Figure 3.5 Average ER polygon size comparison between light and dark c ...
Interactions of Annexins with the mu Subunits of the Clathrin
... To search for proteins that interact with the N-terminal domain of annexin A2, the N-terminal 34 residues were fused to the yeast GAL4 DNA binding domain and used as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human fetal brain cDNA library. The bait construct was found not to cause autoactivation in c ...
... To search for proteins that interact with the N-terminal domain of annexin A2, the N-terminal 34 residues were fused to the yeast GAL4 DNA binding domain and used as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human fetal brain cDNA library. The bait construct was found not to cause autoactivation in c ...
PKC modulates NF-B and AP-1 via mitogen
... events triggered by the activation of this specific isozyme during the development of the late phase of PC remain largely unknown. Considerable evidence indicates that the development of late PC involves the synthesis of new proteins (34), the upregulation of stress-responsive genes (16, 20), and th ...
... events triggered by the activation of this specific isozyme during the development of the late phase of PC remain largely unknown. Considerable evidence indicates that the development of late PC involves the synthesis of new proteins (34), the upregulation of stress-responsive genes (16, 20), and th ...
C-terminal processing of yeast Spt7 occurs in the absence of
... at the periphery of the complex and interacts with DNAbinding transcriptional regulators thus conferring promoter specificity to SAGA [28-32]. Through mass spectrometry analysis of purified SAGA complex, other components have been identified [33-36]. One of these proteins, Sus1, is associated with t ...
... at the periphery of the complex and interacts with DNAbinding transcriptional regulators thus conferring promoter specificity to SAGA [28-32]. Through mass spectrometry analysis of purified SAGA complex, other components have been identified [33-36]. One of these proteins, Sus1, is associated with t ...
Print
... and chondron (grain). This term considers the most common morphological features of this organelle and was broadly used and accepted to describe this granule from the end of the 1930s onwards (184). At the beginning of the 20th century, advances in bright-field microscopy and the availability of wel ...
... and chondron (grain). This term considers the most common morphological features of this organelle and was broadly used and accepted to describe this granule from the end of the 1930s onwards (184). At the beginning of the 20th century, advances in bright-field microscopy and the availability of wel ...
Escherichia coli FtsZ polymers contain mostly GTP and
... the protein might be the result of a high FtsZ monomer turnover through the polymers driven by GTP hydrolysis. The hydrolysis rate should be higher than or equal to the nucleotide exchange rate. Alternatively, it might indicate that all the FtsZ subunits freely exchange nucleotide with the medium an ...
... the protein might be the result of a high FtsZ monomer turnover through the polymers driven by GTP hydrolysis. The hydrolysis rate should be higher than or equal to the nucleotide exchange rate. Alternatively, it might indicate that all the FtsZ subunits freely exchange nucleotide with the medium an ...
Myosin V Plays an Essential Role in the Thyroid Hormone
... treated for 24 h with 10 M retinoic acid in serum free media as detailed previously (10). Cell lysates with BrAc[125I]T4-labeled p29 vesicles (Vlysate) were prepared from cAMP-stimulated astrocytes in serum free media that were labeled with 2 nM BrAc[125I]T4 as described previously (5). Microtubule ...
... treated for 24 h with 10 M retinoic acid in serum free media as detailed previously (10). Cell lysates with BrAc[125I]T4-labeled p29 vesicles (Vlysate) were prepared from cAMP-stimulated astrocytes in serum free media that were labeled with 2 nM BrAc[125I]T4 as described previously (5). Microtubule ...
1337 Biochemical properties of plasminogen activator inhibitor
... reversible, non-covalent Michaelis complexes formed between a serpin and protease, in which the active site serine had been replaced by an alanine: Manduca sexta serpin 1B A353K with rat trypsin (50); alpha1-proteinase inhibitor Pittsburgh with bovine trypsin (51); heparin cofactor II with thrombin ...
... reversible, non-covalent Michaelis complexes formed between a serpin and protease, in which the active site serine had been replaced by an alanine: Manduca sexta serpin 1B A353K with rat trypsin (50); alpha1-proteinase inhibitor Pittsburgh with bovine trypsin (51); heparin cofactor II with thrombin ...
Acyl-CoA oxidase is imported as a heteropentameric, cofactor
... proteins. Matrix proteins were subjected to immunoaffinity chromatography under native conditions using anti-Aox1p antibodies covalently coupled to protein A-Sepharose. Proteins bound to the column (B) and eluted with 100 mM glycine (pH 2.8) and unbound proteins recovered in the flow-through (F) wer ...
... proteins. Matrix proteins were subjected to immunoaffinity chromatography under native conditions using anti-Aox1p antibodies covalently coupled to protein A-Sepharose. Proteins bound to the column (B) and eluted with 100 mM glycine (pH 2.8) and unbound proteins recovered in the flow-through (F) wer ...
The Role of the N-Terminal Domains of Bacterial Initiator DnaA in
... and protein-DNA interactions between initiation complex components, and check-point steps vary among organisms, with greater differences occurring among more unrelated taxonomic groups [3,4]. It is assumed that the molecular mechanism of replication initiation and its control are simplest in bacteri ...
... and protein-DNA interactions between initiation complex components, and check-point steps vary among organisms, with greater differences occurring among more unrelated taxonomic groups [3,4]. It is assumed that the molecular mechanism of replication initiation and its control are simplest in bacteri ...
With No Lysine (WNK) Family Proteins and Their
... cysteine. An alternate lysine in β strand 2 functions in its place. The four mammalian genes of the WNK family code for long proteins, 1200 to 2400 amino acids in length. However, outside of the kinase domain, there are no other known folded domains in the protein. There are some conserved areas, na ...
... cysteine. An alternate lysine in β strand 2 functions in its place. The four mammalian genes of the WNK family code for long proteins, 1200 to 2400 amino acids in length. However, outside of the kinase domain, there are no other known folded domains in the protein. There are some conserved areas, na ...
A single-headed fission yeast myosin V transports actin in a
... Va myosin from vertebrates is shown for comparison. To directly show the state of oligomerization of Myo51, we visualized the motor by EM of negatively stained samples (Fig. S1). The images showed a single-headed motor, consistent with the low predicted coiled-coil propensity of the tail. Representa ...
... Va myosin from vertebrates is shown for comparison. To directly show the state of oligomerization of Myo51, we visualized the motor by EM of negatively stained samples (Fig. S1). The images showed a single-headed motor, consistent with the low predicted coiled-coil propensity of the tail. Representa ...
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.