With No Lysine (WNK) Family Proteins and Their
... cysteine. An alternate lysine in β strand 2 functions in its place. The four mammalian genes of the WNK family code for long proteins, 1200 to 2400 amino acids in length. However, outside of the kinase domain, there are no other known folded domains in the protein. There are some conserved areas, na ...
... cysteine. An alternate lysine in β strand 2 functions in its place. The four mammalian genes of the WNK family code for long proteins, 1200 to 2400 amino acids in length. However, outside of the kinase domain, there are no other known folded domains in the protein. There are some conserved areas, na ...
Life and death of transcriptional co
... Besides being degraded through the aggresome system, p300 activation or repression of gene sets, which often share overlapalso appears to play a functional role in the cytoplasm. Particularly, ping binding sites or require the function of p300 as an integrait contains a cytoplasmic E4 ubiquitin liga ...
... Besides being degraded through the aggresome system, p300 activation or repression of gene sets, which often share overlapalso appears to play a functional role in the cytoplasm. Particularly, ping binding sites or require the function of p300 as an integrait contains a cytoplasmic E4 ubiquitin liga ...
Deep Insight Section Mechanisms and regulation of autophagy in mammalian cells
... sequentially to elongate the phagophore membrane and thus form the autophagosome (Nakatogawa et al., 2009). More recently it has been suggested that the mitochondrial outer membrane may be another source of the isolation membrane (Hailey et al., 2010). According to this scenario, the mitochondria-ER ...
... sequentially to elongate the phagophore membrane and thus form the autophagosome (Nakatogawa et al., 2009). More recently it has been suggested that the mitochondrial outer membrane may be another source of the isolation membrane (Hailey et al., 2010). According to this scenario, the mitochondria-ER ...
Interactions of Elongation Factor 1 Cell Protrusions with F-Actin and
... sorting of -actin protein to this region. -Actin has been suggested to be an important player in leading edge dynamics by virtue of its isoform-specific interaction with other proteins (such as ezrin and -Cap73; Shuster et al., 1996). The sorting of -actin mRNA requires transport and then select ...
... sorting of -actin protein to this region. -Actin has been suggested to be an important player in leading edge dynamics by virtue of its isoform-specific interaction with other proteins (such as ezrin and -Cap73; Shuster et al., 1996). The sorting of -actin mRNA requires transport and then select ...
BAG1, a negative regulator of Hsp70 chaperone activity, uncouples
... (ii) chaperone inhibitors, as exemplified by BAG-1 which was initially characterized as a regulator of receptor activity and Bcl2-dependent apoptosis (Takayama et al., 1995; Bardelli et al., 1996; Wang et al., 1996; Zeiner et al., 1997). BAG-1 associates in vivo and in vitro with Hsp70, and is compr ...
... (ii) chaperone inhibitors, as exemplified by BAG-1 which was initially characterized as a regulator of receptor activity and Bcl2-dependent apoptosis (Takayama et al., 1995; Bardelli et al., 1996; Wang et al., 1996; Zeiner et al., 1997). BAG-1 associates in vivo and in vitro with Hsp70, and is compr ...
THE PHYSICAL NATURE OF F PLASMID TRAI AND
... Getting through the past number of years of my thesis work has been tough, but there have been many friends and family who have lent their support generously. The first people who I’d like to thank are all the great friends I’ve made in graduate school. Specifically, I want to thank my friend Monica ...
... Getting through the past number of years of my thesis work has been tough, but there have been many friends and family who have lent their support generously. The first people who I’d like to thank are all the great friends I’ve made in graduate school. Specifically, I want to thank my friend Monica ...
Repeat motifs of tau bind to the insides of microtubules in the
... 1996; Heidary and Fortini, 2001) and have 60±70% sequence similarity to motifs in other MAPs such as the high molecular weight neuronal MAP2 and the more widespread MAP4. Tau is widely expressed in the nervous system, where it plays an essential role; although mice that are de®cient in either tau al ...
... 1996; Heidary and Fortini, 2001) and have 60±70% sequence similarity to motifs in other MAPs such as the high molecular weight neuronal MAP2 and the more widespread MAP4. Tau is widely expressed in the nervous system, where it plays an essential role; although mice that are de®cient in either tau al ...
PapD-like chaperones and pilus biogenesis
... The crystal structure of PapD and the solution structure of FimC, and more recently, the crystal structures of the FimC᎐FimH chaperone᎐adhesin complex and the PapD᎐PapK chaperone᎐pilin complex have all been solved.25 ᎐ 28 The chaperone consists of two immunoglobulin-like ŽIg. domains oriented in an ...
... The crystal structure of PapD and the solution structure of FimC, and more recently, the crystal structures of the FimC᎐FimH chaperone᎐adhesin complex and the PapD᎐PapK chaperone᎐pilin complex have all been solved.25 ᎐ 28 The chaperone consists of two immunoglobulin-like ŽIg. domains oriented in an ...
Sensitive Interaction between Raptor a
... the N-terminal half of mTOR (amino acids 1–1480), the region containing the principal binding site for raptor, the mTOR HEAT repeats. Further delineation of the GL binding site reveals that GL interacts with the mTOR kinase domain (amino acids 2115–2431) but not the adjacent FRB domain (amino acid ...
... the N-terminal half of mTOR (amino acids 1–1480), the region containing the principal binding site for raptor, the mTOR HEAT repeats. Further delineation of the GL binding site reveals that GL interacts with the mTOR kinase domain (amino acids 2115–2431) but not the adjacent FRB domain (amino acid ...
C. elegans and volatile anesthetics
... mechanism(s) of action at the molecular level. Although empirically well understood in their clinical administration, volatile anesthetics do not yet lend themselves well to rational drug design. Each volatile anesthetic currently in use is associated with its own characteristic side effects and lim ...
... mechanism(s) of action at the molecular level. Although empirically well understood in their clinical administration, volatile anesthetics do not yet lend themselves well to rational drug design. Each volatile anesthetic currently in use is associated with its own characteristic side effects and lim ...
Making a Connection: Direct Binding between
... In the absence of the NH2-terminal head domain, DPI molecules were unable to associate with desmosomal plaques, and instead they colocalized with the endogenous IF network (Stappenbeck and Green, 1992; Stappenbeck et al., 1993). In both fibroblasts and in simple epithelial cells, this association wa ...
... In the absence of the NH2-terminal head domain, DPI molecules were unable to associate with desmosomal plaques, and instead they colocalized with the endogenous IF network (Stappenbeck and Green, 1992; Stappenbeck et al., 1993). In both fibroblasts and in simple epithelial cells, this association wa ...
Posttranslational Modification of MDM2
... HDAC1 to deacetylate key lysine residues in the COOH terminus of p53 thus making them available for ubiquitination (12). Overproduction of MDM2 is therefore thought to suppress normal p53 levels and stifle the p53 response to cellular stress. In addition to p53, many other MDM2-interacting proteins ...
... HDAC1 to deacetylate key lysine residues in the COOH terminus of p53 thus making them available for ubiquitination (12). Overproduction of MDM2 is therefore thought to suppress normal p53 levels and stifle the p53 response to cellular stress. In addition to p53, many other MDM2-interacting proteins ...
AcmA of Lactococcus lactis is an N-acetylglucosaminidase
... homolog FlgJ of Salmonella typhimurium have shown that two conserved amino acid residues, aspartyl and glutamyl, which are also preserved in AcmA, muramidase-2 and LytG, are part of the putative active center of this peptidoglycan hydrolase that is essential for flagellar rod formation [10]. In the s ...
... homolog FlgJ of Salmonella typhimurium have shown that two conserved amino acid residues, aspartyl and glutamyl, which are also preserved in AcmA, muramidase-2 and LytG, are part of the putative active center of this peptidoglycan hydrolase that is essential for flagellar rod formation [10]. In the s ...
Golgins and GTPases, giving identity and structure to the Golgi
... but autoantibodies to them may well arise as a result of the breakdown of the Golgi during apoptosis and necrosis leading to the generation of multiple antigenic fragments from the repetitive coiled-coil domains [13]. More recently, several additional examples of coiled-coil proteins localizing to t ...
... but autoantibodies to them may well arise as a result of the breakdown of the Golgi during apoptosis and necrosis leading to the generation of multiple antigenic fragments from the repetitive coiled-coil domains [13]. More recently, several additional examples of coiled-coil proteins localizing to t ...
abbs.info - Semantic Scholar
... and spectrum analysis indicated that tryptophan, arginine, cysteine and carboxyl group residues were essential for its hemagglutinating activity. However, they might not be present in the active center, except some carboxyl group residues. AEL also showed significant in vitro antiproliferative activ ...
... and spectrum analysis indicated that tryptophan, arginine, cysteine and carboxyl group residues were essential for its hemagglutinating activity. However, they might not be present in the active center, except some carboxyl group residues. AEL also showed significant in vitro antiproliferative activ ...
Capping protein: new insights into mechanism
... C-terminal regions also decreased capping affinity by between 10- and 150-fold [22,23] (Figure 3a,b). The stability and global structure of the CP truncation and point mutants appeared unchanged [22,23], suggesting that the amino acids deleted and substituted are indeed functionally important for th ...
... C-terminal regions also decreased capping affinity by between 10- and 150-fold [22,23] (Figure 3a,b). The stability and global structure of the CP truncation and point mutants appeared unchanged [22,23], suggesting that the amino acids deleted and substituted are indeed functionally important for th ...
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex
... vesicles that are 50 nm in diameter (Pernet-Gallay et al., 2002). The Munro laboratory made the key discovery that, in its C-terminal region, GMAP-210 contains a GRAB (GRIP-related Arf binding) domain that specifically binds Arf1-GTP and is highly conserved in evolution (Gillingham et al., 2004). A ...
... vesicles that are 50 nm in diameter (Pernet-Gallay et al., 2002). The Munro laboratory made the key discovery that, in its C-terminal region, GMAP-210 contains a GRAB (GRIP-related Arf binding) domain that specifically binds Arf1-GTP and is highly conserved in evolution (Gillingham et al., 2004). A ...
What is the function of neuroglobin?
... invertebrates and there is little doubt that these nerve globins are involved in O2 supply (Burmester and Hankeln, 2008; Wittenberg, 1992). In fact, the lack of nerve globins reduces the viability of invertebrate neurons under hypoxia. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses showed that Ngb i ...
... invertebrates and there is little doubt that these nerve globins are involved in O2 supply (Burmester and Hankeln, 2008; Wittenberg, 1992). In fact, the lack of nerve globins reduces the viability of invertebrate neurons under hypoxia. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses showed that Ngb i ...
Spotlight on the microbes that produce heat shock protein 90
... Since these discoveries of Hsp90 as the target of the benzoquinone ansamycins and RAD, several other natural compounds—including a number derived from medicinal plants—have been found to bind, and inhibit, this chaperone (table 1). Each of these is now providing a lead for further drug development [ ...
... Since these discoveries of Hsp90 as the target of the benzoquinone ansamycins and RAD, several other natural compounds—including a number derived from medicinal plants—have been found to bind, and inhibit, this chaperone (table 1). Each of these is now providing a lead for further drug development [ ...
The TSC1–TSC2 complex: a molecular switchboard controlling cell
... the only direct target of mTORC2 (mammalian TORC2) identified to date is Akt. mTORC2 phosphorylates Akt on a residue (Ser473 ) within a hydrophobic motif C-terminal to its kinase domain, and this contributes to the full activation of Akt downstream of growth factors [34]. TORC1 is strongly sensitive ...
... the only direct target of mTORC2 (mammalian TORC2) identified to date is Akt. mTORC2 phosphorylates Akt on a residue (Ser473 ) within a hydrophobic motif C-terminal to its kinase domain, and this contributes to the full activation of Akt downstream of growth factors [34]. TORC1 is strongly sensitive ...
1 - Utrecht University Repository
... Integrins on leukocytes and platelets adhere, in addition to immobilized ECM proteins, to cellular receptors including ICAM (Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule), VCAM-1 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1) and E-Cadherin, or to soluble ligands like fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor (vWF). In contras ...
... Integrins on leukocytes and platelets adhere, in addition to immobilized ECM proteins, to cellular receptors including ICAM (Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule), VCAM-1 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1) and E-Cadherin, or to soluble ligands like fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor (vWF). In contras ...
Endogenous Drp1 Mediates Mitochondrial Autophagy and Protects
... leakage from the electron transport chain and production of O2- and H2O2, which arises from dismutation of O2-, occur constantly as byproducts of ATP synthesis, making mitochondria a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes (CMs). Although ROS at physiological levels act as si ...
... leakage from the electron transport chain and production of O2- and H2O2, which arises from dismutation of O2-, occur constantly as byproducts of ATP synthesis, making mitochondria a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes (CMs). Although ROS at physiological levels act as si ...
Mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and cardiovascular disease
... for maintenance and repair as it facilitates the removal of damaged components by partitioning them to a daughter that can then be targeted for removal and degradation by mitophagy. However, excessive mitochondrial fission and mitophagy can compromise the metabolic capacity of a cell (Twig & Shiriha ...
... for maintenance and repair as it facilitates the removal of damaged components by partitioning them to a daughter that can then be targeted for removal and degradation by mitophagy. However, excessive mitochondrial fission and mitophagy can compromise the metabolic capacity of a cell (Twig & Shiriha ...
Purification and Properties of the Dictyostelium Calpain
... many advantages as a model system for exploring cell cytoskeleton-plasmalemma interactions, cell motility, and development of multicellularity (20). Moreover, they are haploid, and established techniques are available for the generation, selection, and analysis of mutants that would be powerful tool ...
... many advantages as a model system for exploring cell cytoskeleton-plasmalemma interactions, cell motility, and development of multicellularity (20). Moreover, they are haploid, and established techniques are available for the generation, selection, and analysis of mutants that would be powerful tool ...
Apoptosome
The apoptosome is a large quaternary protein structure formed in the process of apoptosis. Its formation is triggered by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in response to an internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic) cell death stimulus. Stimuli can vary from DNA damage and viral infection to developmental cues such as those leading to the degradation of a tadpole's tail.In mammalian cells, once cytochrome c is released, it binds to the cytosolic protein Apaf-1 to facilitate the formation of apoptosome. An early biochemical study suggests a two-to-one ratio of cytochrome c to apaf-1 for apoptosome formation. However, recent structural studies suggest the cytochrome c to apaf-1 ratio is one-to-one. It has also been shown that the nucleotide dATP as third component binds to apaf-1, however its exact role is still debated. The mammalian apoptosome had never been crystallized, but a human APAF-1/cytochrome-c apoptosome has been imaged at lower (2 nm) resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy 10 years ago, revealing a wheel-like particle with 7-fold symmetry. Recently, a medium resolution (9.5 Ångström) structure of human apoptosome was also solved by cryo-electron microscopy, which allows unambiguous inference for positions of all the APAF-1 domains (CARD, NBARC and WD40) and cytochrome c. There is also now a crystal structure of the monomeric, inactive Apaf-1 subunit (PDB 3SFZ). Once formed, the apoptosome can then recruit and activate the inactive pro-caspase-9. Once activated, this initiator caspase can then activate effector caspases and trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptosis.