Download PowerPoint Rubric: Biochemistry worksheet

GRADING RUBRIC
Worksheet: Biochemistry
H O N O R S B I O L O G Y: U N I T 1
1. What is the difference between inorganic and
organic compounds? Give examples of each.
Inorganic compounds- do not contain carbon: H20,
NaCl.
(a few exceptions: CO2, CO)
Organic compounds- do contain carbon: C6H12O6
2. Why is carbon considered the “building block of life”?
Living things are composed of organic compounds.
(carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)
3. What is unique about carbon that allows it to form so
many different shapes and sizes of organic molecules?
Carbon can forms covalent bonds with up to four
other atoms, including other carbon atoms. They can
form numerous shapes: long chains, branched chains,
and rings.
4. What are the four types of organic compounds?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Proteins
c. Lipids
d. Nucleic acids
5. Define the following terms:
a. Monomer- individual “building blocks”. (smaller subunits)
b. Polymer- Larger molecules built with monomers.
c. Metabolism- all chemical reactions involved in
maintaining the living state of the cells and the organism
d. Catabolism- the breakdown of complex molecules in
living organisms to form simpler ones
e. Anabolism- the synthesis of complex molecules in
living organisms from simpler ones
6. Complete the following chart describing monomers
and polymers of organic compounds.
Organic
compound
Elements
composed of
Monomer
(and example)
monosaccharide
C, H, O
Carbohydrates
1 : 2 : 1 ratio
Single sugar
Glucose
Amino acids
Proteins
Lipids
C, H, O, N
Leucine
C&H
Bonded to
glycerol
Fatty acids
+
Glycerol
Polymer
(and example)
Polysaccharide
Starch, glycogen,
cellulose
Proteins
Hemoglobin
Fats, oils, waxes
Nucleic Acids
Main source of
energy for living
things
Structural and
functional proteins
Stores chemical
energy in plants and
animals
Make up cell
membrane
Triglyceride
C, H, O, N, P
Importance to living
things
Nucleotide
DNA and RNA
Guanine
Controls heredity
7. Indicate if each of the following is an example of
dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis.
a. Reaction #1- dehydration synthesis (anabolism)
b. Reaction #2- hydrolysis (catabolism)
c. How can you tell if a chemical equation
represents?
Dehydration synthesis? Water was a product in
the reaction. The original molecule lost water
(dehydrated)
Hydrolysis? Water is a reactant in the reaction.
(Water is required)
8. What are the three types of carbohydrate
monosaccharides?
a. Glucose
b. Fructose
c. Galactose
9. Name three disaccharides and what two molecules
they are composed of.
a. Sucrose (glucose + fructose)
b. Maltose (glucose + glucose)
c. Lactose (glucose + galactose)
10. Name the three important polysaccharides and
describe their importance in living things.
a. Cellulose- makes up plant cell walls
b. Starch or amylose- plants store glucose in this form
c. Glycogen- glucose is stored in a branched form and
stored in the liver and muscle cells for quick energy.
11. What are three kinds of lipids found in living things?
a. fats
b. oils
c. waxes
12. What is the difference between saturated and
unsaturated fats?
Saturated – (in animal fats) Contain fatty acids in
which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. Solid
at room temperature.
unsaturated fats - (found in plants- in vegetable oil)
have fatty acids with at least one carbon-carbon
double bond. Liquid at room temperature
13. What are lipoproteins?
Lipoproteins are clusters of lipids and proteins that
travel in blood plasma. They carry lipids to the cells in
the body and make membranes and steroids
14. Which type of lipoproteins are considered “good”
and which are considered “bad”? Explain.
Low Density lipoproteins (LDL)- lethal cholesterol,
clogs arteries.
High Density lipoproteins (HDL) –healthy cholesterol,
remove cholesterol from arteries and return it to the
liver.
15. What are two important functions that proteins
serve in living things?
Structural proteins- are building blocks for all
living things (found in every cell)
Functional proteins- i.e. enzymes help to run
every biochemical process in the body.
16. How can living things produce so many different
types of proteins if there are only 20 different types of
amino acids?
Different number and different combinations of
amino acids (like spelling words)
17. Draw a diagram of a typical amino acid and label the
following parts: amine group, carboxyl group, and R
side chain.
The R-side chain is the variable portion of an amino acid
18. What are two important types of nucleic acids found
in living things and describe what they do.
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) - hereditary
material in humans and almost all other organisms.
• Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) - molecule implicated in
various biological roles in coding, decoding,
regulation, and expression of genes
19. Draw a diagram of a nucleotide and label the
following parts: Nitrogen base, sugar (ribose), and
phosphate group
20. Which of the three parts of a nucleotide listed above
differentiates nucleotides from each other?
The nitrogenous base -adenine (A), guanine (G),
cytosine (C), thymine (T)