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Transcript
9th June, Breakout Discussion: New Reaction Chemistries i. ii. iii. New Biocatalytic Reactions New Approaches to Biocatalyst Design Bio-/Chemo- Catalysis (Bio: enzyme|Chemo: metal – TM or non-precious; organo/etc/novel cofactor) 1. New Reactions: Considerations: i. ii. iii. iv. v. Orthogonality Cost, etc Safety BOC/CBZ/Carbamate Cleavage Redesign protecting groups – enzyme cleavable (penicillin acylase) Aqueous versus organic (recycle) Addition to imines (oxidation) Alternative to Coenzyme A C-C bond formation 2 sp -sp2 coupling reactions? Unfunctionalised systems. Halogenation (e.g. F) e.g. Lichen – CFC’s Radicals Reductions (e.g. amides) CAR RCN RNH2 RCO2H RCHO RNO2 RNH2 2. Biocatalyst Design i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. Directed Evolution/Protein Engineering Design for flow applications process Promiscuous activities Synthetic enzymes e.g. coupling reactions using metals (e.g. Heck/Suzuki) (Re)Engineering cofactors - NAD(P)H/FAD/etc CF3 methylation CF3./radical SAM’s/CF3CO2H CF3./Hybrid/chimeric enzymes Modular/Non-covalent viii. ix. Redox chemistry/Bio-electro chemistry Organic solvents 3. Bio/Chemo-catalysis i. ii. iii. Metal/bio – microorganisms Nano-particles e.g. Fe/Cu/Ni/Co/Ti/Au/Ag/Zn Cu: C-C bond formation/redox Au: C-C bond formation Toxicity? Pb/Hg/Sn/Mo/Se Need ligands Amide synthesis/redox/C-C Systems biology/hosts/surface enzymes Ebdogenous H-sources Non-metal Non-metal/BioCompatibility OrganocatalysisNon-natural amino acids (application to biocatalysis) Photo-redox catalysis Non-protein based catalysts RNA DNA Carbohydrates Peptides/poly-leucine Catalytic antibodies Minerals/borates silicas