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Name ______________________________________ Period _____ Date ___________________ Essential questions Chp 14 DNA 14.1 The nature of genetic material 1) What are the 2 main constituents of chromosomes? 2) What was Griffiths “transformation discovery? 3) When Avery et al removed the protein part of chromosomes, what happened to the transformation process? What did this prove about the molecule that carried genetic info? 4) What is a bacteriophage? 5) In Hershey and chase experiments, why was a phosphorus isotope used to label DNA and Sulfur isotope used to label protein? 6) When bacteria was infected with virus’ with labeled DNA and labeled protein, Which material was shown to have been injected by the virus 14.2 DNA Structure 7) What are the 3 components of nucleic acids? 8) Distinguish purines from Pyrimidines 9) Draw and label a nucleotide 10)What is meant by 5’ and 3’ carbons? What attached to each in DNA? 11)Why is DNA said to have an intrinsic polarity? 12)What are Chargaff’s rules 13)What technique did Franklin use to study DNA, what shape did she find? 14)What specific structure did Watson and Crick discover DNA to have? 15)What is the Backbone of DNA made of? 16)What are Base pairs? 17)Describe the antiparallel configuration of DNA 18)What type of bonds connect base pairs in DNA? 14.3 Basic DNA replication 19)Describe the 3 possible models of DNA replication 20)Which model of DNA replication did Meselson-Stahl determine correct? 21)What are the 3 parts of the replication process? Describe each 22)Define DNA polymerase, primer 14.4 Prokaryotic replication 23)Describe replication in e coli in terms of origin, termination and bi directional 24)Contrast endonuclease from exonucleases 25)What is the function of a helicase enzyme? 26)What is meant by Semi discontinuous replication? 27)Contrast leading strand and lagging strand 28)What are Ozaki fragments? 29)What is function of DNA Primase? 30)What are the steps required for lagging strand synthesis? 31)What is a replisome? 32)What is a replication fork? 14.5 Eukaryotic replication 33)What are 2 complications of DNA replication in Eukaryotes? 34)What are multiple origins? 35)What are telomeres? 36)What is the problem that must be overcome when replicating the end of the lagging strand? 37)How does telomerase over come this problem? 38)What problems occur when telomerase is not functioning properly? 14.6 DNA repair 39)What is a mutagen? Give examples 40)What is the importance of DNA repair systems? 41)What is specific repair? Give example 42)What is non specific repair? Give example.