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Essential questions Chp 14 DNA
14.1 The nature of genetic material
1) What are the 2 main constituents of chromosomes?
2) What was Griffiths “transformation discovery?
3) When Avery et al removed the protein part of chromosomes, what happened to the
transformation process? What did this prove about the molecule that carried genetic info?
4) What is a bacteriophage?
5) In Hershey and chase experiments, why was a phosphorus isotope used to label DNA and
Sulfur isotope used to label protein?
6) When bacteria was infected with virus’ with labeled DNA and labeled protein, Which
material was shown to have been injected by the virus
14.2 DNA Structure
7) What are the 3 components of nucleic acids?
8) Distinguish purines from Pyrimidines
9) Draw and label a nucleotide
10)What is meant by 5’ and 3’ carbons? What attached to each in DNA?
11)Why is DNA said to have an intrinsic polarity?
12)What are Chargaff’s rules
13)What technique did Franklin use to study DNA, what shape did she find?
14)What specific structure did Watson and Crick discover DNA to have?
15)What is the Backbone of DNA made of?
16)What are Base pairs?
17)Describe the antiparallel configuration of DNA
18)What type of bonds connect base pairs in DNA?
14.3 Basic DNA replication
19)Describe the 3 possible models of DNA replication
20)Which model of DNA replication did Meselson-Stahl determine correct?
21)What are the 3 parts of the replication process? Describe each
22)Define DNA polymerase, primer
14.4 Prokaryotic replication
23)Describe replication in e coli in terms of origin, termination and bi directional
24)Contrast endonuclease from exonucleases
25)What is the function of a helicase enzyme?
26)What is meant by Semi discontinuous replication?
27)Contrast leading strand and lagging strand
28)What are Ozaki fragments?
29)What is function of DNA Primase?
30)What are the steps required for lagging strand synthesis?
31)What is a replisome?
32)What is a replication fork?
14.5 Eukaryotic replication
33)What are 2 complications of DNA replication in Eukaryotes?
34)What are multiple origins?
35)What are telomeres?
36)What is the problem that must be overcome when replicating the end of the lagging
strand?
37)How does telomerase over come this problem?
38)What problems occur when telomerase is not functioning properly?
14.6 DNA repair
39)What is a mutagen? Give examples
40)What is the importance of DNA repair systems?
41)What is specific repair? Give example
42)What is non specific repair? Give example.