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Name ____________________________________ Date ____________ Period _____ Proteins Raven Ch. 3 Big Idea 2: BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS UTILIZE FREE ENERGY AND MOLECULAR BUILDING BLOCKS TO GROW, TO REPRODUCE AND TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS. Essential Knowledge: All living systems require constant input of free energy. Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes. Organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow, reproduce and maintain organization. Organisms exhibit complex properties due to interactions between their constituent parts. Interactions between molecules affect their structure and function. Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions. Proteins- ___________________________________________ Most structurally & functionally diverse group Function: ______________________________________________ enzymes- ex: ______________________________________________________ structure ex: ______________________________________________________ carriers & transport ex: ______________________________________________________ cell communication signals ex: ______________________________________________________ receptors defense ex: __________________________________ movement ex: __________________________________ storage ex: __________________________________ Structure monomer = ________________________________ o _____ different amino acids polymer = _________________________________ o protein can be ______________________________ chains folded & bonded together o ________________________ molecules o complex 3-D shape _____________________ ___________________ 1 __________________ Amino acids Structure _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ ___________________ group different for each amino acid confers _____________________ chemical properties to each amino acid like 20 different letters of an alphabet can make many words (proteins) Effect of different R groups: __________________ amino acids Why are these nonpolar & hydrophobic? ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Effect of different R groups: _________________ amino acids Why are these polar & hydrophilic? ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 Ionizing in cellular waters: Amino Acids can be: Sulfur containing amino acids Form ____________________________________ __________________ cross links between _____________________________ stabilizes 3-D structure Building proteins _________________________________________ covalent bond between NH2 (___________________) of one amino acid & COOH (_________________) of another C–N bond _______________ Polypeptide chains have ____________________ ________________ = NH2 end ________________ = COOH end repeated sequence (_________________) is the polypeptide backbone can only grow in _________________ direction 3 __________ __________ Protein Structure & Function Function depends on structure 3-D structure _________________________________________ into unique shape __________________ (1°) structure Order of _______________________ in _____________________ amino acid sequence determined by ___________________________ slight change in amino acid sequence can affect protein’s ____________________ & its ________________________ even just one amino acid change can make all the difference! 4 Sickle cell anemia ___________________________ (2°) structure “_______________________________” folding along short sections of polypeptide interactions between ___________________________ amino acids ___________________________ weak bonds between __________ groups forms sections of 3-D structure _____________________ _____________________ ________________________ (3°) structure “_______________________________________” interactions between ______________ amino acids __________________________ interactions cytoplasm is water-based __________________ amino acids cluster away from water ______________ bonds & _________________ bonds 5 _______________________ bridges covalent bonds between sulfurs in _______________________ (S–H) anchors 3-D shape ______________________________ (4°) structure _______________________________________ chain bonded together only then does polypeptide become ____________________________________ ______________________ interactions Protein structure (review) Protein denaturation ___________________________ a protein conditions that _______________________ H bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges _____________________________ _________________ _________________ alter ________________________ structure alter 3-D shape destroys _______________________ some proteins can return to their functional shape after denaturation, many cannot 6