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CLIMATE CHANGE AND TOURISM IN SWITZERLAND: IMPACTS, VULNERABILITY AND POSSIBLE ADAPTATION MEASURES Cecilia Matasci PhD student EPFL ENAC INTER REME CH-1015 Lausanne Tel: +41 79 283 95 48 E-mail : [email protected] CONTENTS Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 Introduction – climate change and tourism Impacts Vulnerability Possible adaptation measures Conclusions 2 INTRODUCTION Tourism and climate change intertwined Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 3 Perch-Nielsen (2008) INTRODUCTION SWITZERLAND Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 -1/11 people directly or indirectly working for tourism (1/3 in mountain areas) (Dayer, 1998) - 5.2% of national GDP (Bfs, 2005) - 30.4 billions CHF2005 : 61% inner tourism 39% foreign tourism (5.3 % income from export → 4th place) (BfS, 2008) - Indirect benefits: commerce, transports, banks, insurances, etc. 4 INTRODUCTION Tourism Buildings and infrastructure Energy Human health Ecoplan/Sigmaplan (2007) 5 Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 Costs and damages of climate change in 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100 for the principal domains IMPACTS Seven Categories of Impacts considered +3°C 2050 Perch-Nielsen (2007) 5. Natural hazards 2. Snow pack reduction Beniston (2003) 6. Water scarcity Drought 3. Glaciers melting Maisch in Beniston (2004) 4. Permafrost melting – Rock Falls Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 1. Changes in climate suitability OcCC/Proclim (2007) 7. Landscape changes – Scenic beauty CATEGORIES OF IMPACT CONSIDERED Ecoplan/Sigmaplan (2007) Glacier de la Tschierva, Engadine Slide from Beniston (2004) www.news.bbc.co.uk Badler and Kunz (2000) www.dessertcomesfirst.com 6 VULNERABILITY Definining vulnerability Exposure Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 ‘Vulnerability is the degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate change and variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity.’ [IPCC, 2007] Sensitivity Potential impact Adaptive capacity Vulnerability 7 Preston (2008) OBJECTIVES Examine spatial heterogeneity in vulnerability Examine differential vulnerability to different climate impacts Identify diversity of drivers that may contribute to vulnerability Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 Develop a tool for stimulating discussion about climate change vulnerability and adaptation within Switzerland and the tourism sector Determine similitude between regions → promote collaboration and exchange of information 8 METHOD Sensitivity Adaptive capacity Changes in climate suitability Tourism structure Feasibility Snowpack reduction Population . Social Glaciers melting Economy . Economic Permafrost melting rockfall Infrastructure . Technological Natural hazards Institution . Institutional Water scarcity – drought Environment . Environmental Landscape – scenic beauty Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 Exposure Acceptability 9 . Social METHOD Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 10 POSSIBLE ADAPTATION MEASURES Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 11 CONCLUSIONS Tourism : one of the most affected domains of CH economy Various impacts, both on offer and supply Regions differentially exposed and vulnerable Vulnerability hotspots → importance to adapt Various types of adaptation measures possible Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 12 Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 Thank you for your attention! 13 Cecilia Matasci - 20 November 2009 14