Download 750 BC to AD 500 Rome and Early Christianity

The Growth of Civilizations
•1.
•2.
•3.
•4.
Classical Greece - 2100 BC – 150 BC
Rome and Early Christianity – 750 BC – AD 500
The Americas – 1000 BC – AD 1500
Empires of China and India – 350 BC – AD 600
Rome and Early Christianity
•1. The Foundations of Rome
•2. From Republic to Empire
•3. Roman Society and Culture
•4. The Rise of Christianity
•5. The Fall of Rome
•The city of Rome was the seat of one of the greatest powers of
the ancient world
•1,200 year history
•Rome went through great changes in government and culture
•Many changes were caused by the beginning of the spread of one
of the world’s largest religions - Christianity
750 BC to AD 500
750 BC- AD 500
1. The Foundations of Rome
•Rome is located in Southern Europe.
•It is in the present day country of Italy.
•Italy is a peninsula, which means it has water on three
sides.
•This allowed the Romans to trade with others in the region.
750 BC- AD 500
The Mythical Founding of Rome:
•Rome has a
mythical beginning.
•Twin brothers,
Romulus and Remus,
were sons of the
war god Mars and
left abandoned as
babies.
•A she-wolf fed
them and kept them
alive.
•They grew up,
fought over who
would name the city.
•Romulus killed
Remus; therefore,
he called the city
Rome.
750 BC- AD 500
Italy in 750 BCE
750 BC- AD 500
Influence of the Etruscans
•They introduced a writing
and a math system as well as
government to the Romans.
 Writing
 Religion
 The Arch
750 BC- AD 500
2. From Republic to an Empire
•Around 500 BC, Rome became a republic.
•A republic is a government where representatives are
chosen by the people.
•The people of Rome were represented in the Senate.
750 BC- AD 500
The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
 Providing political and social rights for
the plebeians.
•Romans were split into two
main social classes.
•The Patricians were the
landholding upper class.
•The Plebians were the
commoners of Rome.
•The majority of the people
were Plebians but the
Patricians had most of the
power.
750 BC- AD 500
Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians, land
holders and the upper class)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians, the
commoners of Rome)
750 BC- AD 500
The Roman Forum
•The Roman Forum was a place where people could express
their ideas.
•It was also a place that decrees of the Senate and later the
Emperor were announced to the people.
•Twelve Tables are displayed in central square
750 BC- AD 500
Carthaginian Empire
•The Punic Wars
•Fought between Early Rome and Carthage (N. Africa)
•Hannibal-perhaps one of the greatest military leaders
of all time
750 BC- AD 500
Hannibal’s Route
•The Roman, after suffering serious losses, managed to
defeat Hannibal and the Carthaginian Army
750 BC- AD 500
Rome Becomes an Empire
Reform Leaders
 Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
•
the poor should be given grain and small plots of
free land.
Military Reformer
 Gaius Marius
•
recruited an army from the poor
and homeless.
•
professional standing army.
750 BC- AD 500
Civil War & Dictators
Gnaeus Pompey
Julius Caesar
•Civil War brought an end to the republic. Pompey and
Caesar were successful military leaders who formed the
First Triumvirate
750 BC- AD 500
The First Triumvirate
 Julius Caesar-conquered Gaul,
modern day France and defeated Pompey
 Marcus Licinius Crassus,
 Gaius Magnus Pompey,
conquered parts of Asia Minor
750 BC- AD 500
Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC
The Die is Cast!
•Caesar took his army over the
Rubicon River and marched into
Rome
750 BC- AD 500
Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE
•After rising to prominence in a variety of military campaigns, Julius
Caesar brings his troops to Rome in 49 BC and makes himself a
dictator.
•He keeps the Senate around but keeps all real power for himself.
•In 44 BC, he is murdered in the Senate by people who want to bring
back the old government-the Republic
750 BC- AD 500
The Second Triumvirate
 Octavian Augustus, adopted
son of Caesar
 Marc Antony,a loyal officer
 Marcus Lepidus, high priest
750 BC- AD 500
Octavian Augustus:
Rome’s First Emperor
•After Julius Caesar is
assassinated, there is a
civil war fighting for
control.
•Caesar’s nephew Octavian
becomes emperor, and
changes his name to
Caesar Augustus.
750 BC- AD 500
The First Roman
Dynasty
•The Augustan Age- ruled for 40 years and Rome experienced a peaceful
era. After his death, Julio-Claudians and Flavians ruled Rome. The Good
Emperors followed and the empire grew tremendously
750 BC- AD 500
3. Roman Society and
Culture
•After Augustus, there is a 200 year
peaceful period called the Pax
Romana, or Roman Peace.
750 BC- AD 500
Rome’s Early Road System
•Rome was able to expand because of its well trained and
organized armies.
•In addition, Rome built roads that connected the Empire
that allowed troops easy movement.
750 BC- AD 500
Imperial Roman Road System
750 BC- AD 500
Roman Roads:
The Appian Way
750 BC- AD 500
Roman Aqueducts
•The Romans
built enormous
aqueducts
designed to
bring water into
the city.
•They used a
new
architectural
technique called
the arch.
•They had a very
small slant that
carried water
downhill for
miles and miles.
750 BC- AD 500
The Roman Colosseum
•Romans
enjoyed violent
entertainment.
•They watched
gladiators fight
to the death in
many arenas,
most famously
the Coliseum.
•They watched
chariot races,
which often
involved bloody
crashes.
750 BC- AD 500
The Colosseum Interior
750 BC- AD 500
Circus Maxims
•Ancient Roman Chariot Racing Stadium
750 BC- AD 500
Roman Religion
•Romans had similar gods to the Greeks, except they
had different names. For example: Zeus becomes
Jupiter, Ares becomes Mars.
•They built enormous temples, like the Pantheon.
750 BC- AD 500
4. The Rise of Christianity
•Religion based on Jesus of Nazareth, and his earliest
followers, the teaching of Judaism
750 BC- AD 500
Jesus of Nazareth
•Knowledge comes
from the first four
books of the New
Testament
The New
Testament along
with the Hebrew
Bible, the Old
Testament, make
up the Christian
Bible.
750 BC- AD 500
Jesus Christ
• In time, Jesus began to
preach a message of
redemption and warning
of the coming of God’s
Judgment Day. His
message alarmed
authorities, and Jesus
was arrested, tried, and
sentenced to death.
• After he was crucified,
Jesus rose from the
dead, spent 40 days
teaching, and ascended
into heaven.
• Followers named him the
Messiah, Jesus Christ
750 BC- AD 500
The Spread of Christianity
•Apostles- 12 Disciples that Jesus chose to spread
Christianity throughout the world
750 BC- AD 500
Diocletian Splits the
Empire in Two: 294 CE
•Economic Problems- Inflation, rising prices, and higher
taxes to pay for the vast empire
•Diocletian –absolute ruler – himself above his subjects
750 BC- AD 500
Constantine: 312 - 337
•Diocletian abdicated
his thrown and threw
Rome into civil war
once again
•Constantine, in 312,
proclaimed new
emperor
•A new Capital-Constantinople –
Christian capital; later renamed
Istanbul
750 BC- AD 500
Constantinople: “The 2nd
Rome” (Founded in 330)
750 BC- AD 500
Byzantium:
The Eastern Roman Empire
•The later period of the Eastern Roman Empire became
Byzantine Empire-after fall of Western Roman Empire to
German tribes
750 BC- AD 500
The Byzantine Empire
During the Reign of Justinian
750 BC- AD 500
The Byzantine Emperor
Justinian
750 BC- AD 500
The Empire in Crisis: 3c
750 BC- AD 500
Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
•452 Fierce Army The Huns and Attila
750 BC- AD 500
Attila the Hun:
“The Scourge of God”
•The inability of the Roman Army to stop the Huns was
one reason for the demise of the empire
750 BC- AD 500
The Legacy of Rome
•Around 180 AD,
problems arose in
the empire and the
Empire begins to
decline.
•In 476 AD, Rome
is sacked and the
Empire is officially
dead.
Republic Government
Roman Law
Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque
Architectural Style
 Roman Engineering
• Aqueducts
• Sewage systems
• Dams
• Cement
• Arch
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750 BC- AD 500
The Greatest Extent of the Roman
Empire – 14 CE
•Government was corrupt.
•government had huge building projects-cost lots of money.
•Tribes invaded from the North.
•Poverty and unemployment were very high.
•Moral values declined.
750 BC- AD 500
The Discovery of Pompeii
•In 1748, one of the greatest archeological discoveries of all
times occurred.
•The Roman city of Pompeii had been destroyed by the eruption
of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, preserving the town forever.
750 BC- AD 500
750 BC- AD 500