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Transcript
Glycolysis Metabolic Rx • Many metabolic enzymes need coenzymes to function • Common coenzymes: NAD, FAD, Coenzyme A, ATP • These are nucleotide molecules • accept/deliver electrons for redox reactions • accept/delivers phosphates to generate ATP NAD – Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate ATP • Energy currency of the cell • Energy is stored between negatively charged phosphates • Rechargeable battery ADP + P → ATP Coupled Rx Writing in Metabolism Dehydrogenase Alcohol Aldehyde NAD NADH Enzyme Substrate is oxidized Coenzyme is reduced Glycolysis • • • • Pathway of 10 interconnected enzyme Rx Initial substrate: glucose Final product: pyruvate Most ancient metabolic pathway, evolved before O2 levels were high and therefore…. • does not need O2, does not produce CO2 • Takes place in the cytosol of cells • has an energy investing phase (activation E) and energy yielding phase Energy Summary of Glycolysis • Per glucose molecule: • Energy investing phase: -2 ATP invested/1 glucose • Energy yielding phase: +4ATP • Net yield +2 ATP • Low net yield: only 2 mole ATP/1 mole glucose!!! Net Rx of Glycolysis 1 Glucose + 2 ATP + 2ADP + 2P + 2NAD → 2 Pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2NADH + 2H2O Warm-up Methandiol Methanoic Acid 1. Rewrite the Rx with molecular structures 2. Rewrite the Rx and add NAD/NADH coupled coenzyme arrow 3. Rewrite the Rx as a Redox Rx (integrate the coupled arrow into the Rx) • Glycolysis • Crashcourse Overview respiration