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Transcript
DO NOW… COMPLETE THE EVOLUTION SURVEY EVOLUTION Accumulation of inherited changes within a population over time 2 types of evolution Microevolution Macroevolution Pre-Darwinian Ideas Darwin was not 1st to propose theory of evolution Aristotle (4th century BC) ◦ Life extended from simple to complex ◦ Imperfect but moving toward perfection ◦ No mechanism for HOW Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829) ◦ 1st to propose that organisms undergo change over time as a result of natural phenomena ◦ Use and disuse ◦ Theory of acquired characteristics ◦ LAMARCK WAS WRONG IN MECHANISM Charles Darwin Influenced by: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Voyage of Beagle Geology: Hutton & Lyell Thomas Malthus (economist) Artificial Selection Darwin’s key contribution: ◦ Mechanism ◦ How evolution occurs Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection In struggle for survival, favorable traits preserved, unfavorable ones eliminated ◦ Adaptation Natural Selection – best adapted organisms survive and pass on their traits, population changes over time ◦ Fitness 4 aspects of natural world on which Darwin based his theory: Overproduction Variation Limits on population growth Differential reproductive success http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library /11/2/quicktime/e_s_4.html What Natural Selection is NOT: Natural Selection is not a CHOICE Natural Selection is NOT BASED ON NEED Natural Selection is not a MUST Modern Synthesis Mendel’s work (1860s) not recognized until 20th century 1930s-40s – biologists combined Mendelian inheritance with Darwinian Evolution ◦ Mutations are source of variation ◦ Continue to try to understand causal processes of evolution Some new perspectives on Evolution… EvoDevo Epigenetics