Download Herditary Hemachromatosis - European Genetic FootprintPart 5

Herditary Hemachromatosis - European Genetic FootprintPart 5: European
Footprint: Hereditary Hemochromatosis - Tracking European ancestry through a
genetically inherited disease
Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HHC) is a disease which affects only Europeans – and
the measure of this disease can be used to determine the amount of pure White
European element in any given geographical region.
Unsurprisingly, HHC is most prevalent in northern Europe, and least prevalent in
southern Europe – this once again tying in with the already discussed prevalence
of the Black African originated prevalence of sickle cell syndrome in that part
of Europe.
HHC IS AN IRON METABOLISM DISORDER
According to the US-based Center for Disease Control (CDC):
“Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HHC) is an autosomal recessive disorder of
iron metabolism characterized by increased iron absorption and deposition
in the liver, pancreas, heart, joints, and pituitary gland. In 1996, HFE,
the gene for HHC, was mapped on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3).
Two of the 37 allelic variants of the HFE gene described to date (C282Y
and H63D) are significantly correlated with HHC.” – CDC, “HFE Gene and
Hereditary Hemochromatosis” by E. H. Hanson, G. Imperatore, W. Burke,
March 12, 2001 (Updated)
http://www.cdc.gov/genetics/hugenet/reviews/HFE.htm
HHC IS AN INHERITED GENETIC DISEASE
“Hereditary Hemochromatosis is a genetic disease that is the result of
inheriting two defective copies of a particular gene, one from each
parent. The mutation in this gene causes the intestine to absorb too much
iron. Over time, usually several years, this excess iron is deposited in
the cells of the liver, heart, pancreas, joints, and pituitary gland. If
left untreated, organ damage can result.” – Center for Disease Control,
Atlanta, USA http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/Hemochromatosis/faq.htm
“Hemochromatosis is a genetic disease, often most prevalent among people
of northern European descent. This means that Hemochromatosis is
inherited. A person will be born with Hemochromatosis only if two
Hemochromatosis genes are inherited - one from the mother and one from the
father.” – University of Maryland, USA,
http://www.umm.edu/blood/hemachro.htm
HHC IS FOUND ONLY AMONGST EUROPEANS
The Center for Disease Control confirms that HHC is an exclusively European
disease:
“In the general population, the frequency of the C282Y/C282Y genotype is
0.4%. C282Y heterozygosity ranges from 9.2% in Europeans to nil in the
Asian, Indian subcontinent, African/Middle Eastern, and Australasian
populations.” – CDC, “HFE Gene and Hereditary Hemochromatosis” by E. H.
Hanson, G. Imperatore, W. Burke, March 12, 2001 (Updated)
http://www.cdc.gov/genetics/hugenet/reviews/HFE.htm
Hence the CDC reports the overall incidence of HHC in Europe and North America
as similar, this being due to the similar genetic origins of the majority of the
present day population of those regions: (H63D is a variant of C282Y):
“C282Y/H63D compound and H63D homozygosity each accounted for 2 percent of
the European general population and 2.5 percent and 2.1 percent in the
American populations, respectively. The carrier frequency of the H63D
mutation was 22 percent in Europe and 23 percent in North America.” – CDC,
“HFE Gene and Hereditary Hemochromatosis” by E. H. Hanson, G. Imperatore,
W. Burke, March 12, 2001 (Updated)
http://www.cdc.gov/genetics/hugenet/reviews/HFE.htm
“A homozygous single point mutation of the HFE gene (G to A at nucleotide
845, causing a cysteine to a tyrosine substitution at residue 282, C282Y)
occurs in 80-100% of patients with HH of predominantly northern European
ancestry but is less frequent in southern Europeans. The allelic frequency
in a Celtic-derived population is of the order of 14%. For other ethnic
groups it is much less and is said to be absent in Asian, African, and
non-Caucasian American groups.” – The American Journal of
Gastroenterology, December 2000, Volume 95, Number 12, Pages 3350-3352
http://www-east.elsevier.com/ajg/issues/9512/ajg3344edi.htm
“Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) is a common genetic disorder, especially
among northern Europeans; one in 300 Britons are affected by HHC.” – Gene
Letter Organization, “Confounded: Widespread screening for hereditary
Hemochromatosis faces obstacles” by Maimon M. Cohen, PhD,
http://www.geneletter.org/10-02-00/features/Hemochromatosis.html
LOW RATE OF SOUTHERN EUROPEAN HHC SHOWN IN GENETIC STUDIES
Alleles are any of two or more genes that have the same relative position on
chromosomes and are responsible for specific characteristics.
Homozygosity is the condition used to describe an organism which has identical
alleles for any one gene; heterozygosity is used to describe a condition where
an organism has dissimilar alleles for any one gene.
With these definitions in mind, the following comment from the CDC about the
measurement of HHC incidence in Europe is insightful:
“A total of 6,203 samples from European countries revealed on average a
C282Y homozygous and heterozygous prevalence of 0.4 percent and 9.2
percent, respectively. However, C282Y homozygosity has not been reported
in the general population of Southern or Eastern Europe. The frequency of
the C282Y heterozygosity is 1 to 3 percent in Southern and Eastern Europe
and as high as 24.8 percent in Ireland.” – CDC, “HFE Gene and Hereditary
Hemochromatosis” by E. H. Hanson, G. Imperatore, W. Burke, March 12, 2001
(Updated) http://www.cdc.gov/genetics/hugenet/reviews/HFE.htm
LOW INCIDENCE OF HHC DOES NOT MEAN THAT THERE ARE NO WHITE SOUTHERN EUROPEANS
The lack of HHC in southern Europe does of course not mean that there are no
pure White Europeans in southern Europe. All it means is that the incidence of
HHC, which is in any event a small percentage of any given White population, is
smaller in these regions due to the reduced number of unmixed Whites living in
those areas.
Hence the above quotes from the CDC show that the incidence of HHC in northern
Europe varies from 24.8 percent to 9.2 percent, compared to 1 to 3 percent in
south eastern Europe.
The presence of HHC in southern Europe, in decreased percentage, is merely an
indicator of the overall lower percentage of pure Whites in the region, and the
fact that HHC is present in southern Europe is proof that there are unmixed
Whites present there, albeit in smaller numbers than northern Europe.
When read with the effect of sickle cell, the lower incidence of HHC confirms
the accuracy of historical accounts which tell of the racial mixing which
affected southern Europe over the course of history.
GENE LETTER ORGANIZATION CONFIRMS HHC DIFFERENTIATION FROM “NORTH TO SOUTH” IN
EUROPE
An October 2000 study from the respected ‘Gene Letter Organization,’ about the
HHC genetic disorder, had the following to say about the north/south gradient
evident in HHC incidence, cutely calling Europeans “Celts”:
“Although the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene is the most common cause of
disease among members of northern European communities with a possible
Celtic origin, a survey of 40 populations demonstrates a distinct
north-south gradient of decreasing frequency across the continent.
Reinforcing this distribution pattern is a low frequency of the C282Y
mutation among 1300 recently examined Italian newborns. This suggests that
widespread screening in Italy would not be cost effective, but that
instead, it might be useful in northern Italy with its Celt-derived
populations.
Because mutation frequencies may differ considerably among the different
components of a population of mixed national, racial, and ethnic
composition, screening efficiency may be compromised.” Gene Letter
Organization, “Confounded: Widespread screening for hereditary
Hemochromatosis faces obstacles” by Maimon M. Cohen, PhD,
http://www.geneletter.org/10-02-00/features/Hemochromatosis.html
This study shows that in northern Italy, which was subjected to a renewed
invasion by European Lombards after the fall of the Roman Empire, has the
largest incidence of HHC in Italy – once again confirming the accuracy of
historical accounts which tell of the fall of the Roman Empire and the
replenishment of Italy’s European stock by renewed White invasions AFTER that
Empire’s fall.
Once again, it needs to be stressed that the lower rate of HHC in southern
Europe does NOT mean that there are no pure Whites in southern Europe – merely
that, expressed as a percentage of the smaller (than northern Europe) White
population, the incidence of HHC is correspondingly smaller.
Part 1: Racial Mixing in Selected European Groups: IntroductionPart 2: The
Black African Genetic Footprint: Sickle Cell DiseasePart 3: Racial Mixing
Brought the Hemoglobin D disorder to Britain and IrelandPart 4: The
Mendelian Laws of Genetics - dominant and recessive racially mixed genes
Part 5: European Footprint: Hereditary Hemochromatosis - a genetically
inherited diseasePart 6: Genetic Evidence of Avar and Hunnish Admixture in
Central EuropePart 7: Western European Genetic Remnants in EgyptPart 8:
Genetic Evidence of Racial Mixing in Greece
Part 9: Genetic Evidence of Racial Mixing in ItalyPart 10: Genetic
Evidence of Racial Mixing in PortugalPart 11: Genetic Evidence of Racial
Mixing in SpainPart 12: Genetic Homogeneity in Poland
Part 13: Genetic Homogeneity in NorwayPart 14: Finland, the Lapps and the
Tat-C ControversyPart 15: Y-Chromosomes as Racial Markers
White History Main Page