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B3 Life on Earth
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A group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile
offspring
An organism that can produce offspring
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An organism that cannot produce offspring
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Features that help an organism survive in its environment
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This happens to a species when all its members have died out
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The place where an organism lives
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Different organisms that require the same resource, such as
food, water, light or space do this (are in …)
An animal that kills other animals (its prey) for food.
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A condition that impairs normal functioning of an organism’s
body, usually associated with particular sign and symptoms. It
may be caused by an infection or by the dysfunction of
internal organs
Organisms found at the start of the food chain
Organisms that eat others in a food chain. This is all the
organisms in a food chain except the producer(s).
The process in green plants that use energy from sunlight to
convert carbon dioxide and water into the sugar glucose
Many food chains interlinked.
A series of chemical reactions in cells that release energy for
the cells to use
Organisms including bacteria and fungi that feed on dead
organisms. They break down the complex organic chemicals
in dead matter, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem
to be used by other living things
Term describing how all living organisms and processes in an
ecosystem are linked
Scavengers and other small organisms which contribute to
the breakdown of dead organic matter.
The process of burning substances that react with oxygen to
produce heat and light (and CO2 and H2O)
The cycling of an element between the atmosphere,
biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. The element exists
as different compound in the these spheres. In the
atmosphere it is mainly present as carbon dioxide.
Single-celled photosynthetic organisms found in an ocean
ecosystem.
Process by which dead organic matter is broken down into
molecules and atoms which can be recycled
Key term
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When nitrogen in the air is converted into nitrates in the soil
by bacteria
Bacteria found in the soil and in swellings (nodules) on the
roots of some plants (legumes), such as clover and peas.
These bacteria take in nitrogen gas and makes nitrates, which
plants can absorb and use to make proteins.
Bacteria that feed on dead organic matter, breaking it down
and helping molecules to be recycled
Bacteria that break down nitrates in the soil releasing
nitrogen into the air.
The continuous cycle of one of the elements essential for life.
By being converted to different chemical forms, this element
can be passed between atmosphere, lithosphere,
hydrosphere and biosphere. Specialised bacteria are key to
this cycle.
Invertebrate which lives in water after hatching. Its presence
indicates oxygen rich clean water.
Organism consisting of a fungus growing with a simple
photosynthetic organism called an alga. It grows very slowly
on rocks and trees and its presence can be an indicator for
clean air.
Invertebrate found in oxygen poor aquatic environment. It is
a biological indicator for poor water quality.
The process by which species gradually change over time.
This can produce new species and the proposed mechanism
for is natural selection.
The stony remains of animal or plant that lived millions of
years ago, or an imprint of its mark, for example, a footprint
in a surface.
Choosing parent organism with certain characteristics and
mating them to try to produce offspring that have these
characteristics
The number of a group of organisms
Observational biologist who came up with the theory of
evolution and explanation of natural selection process.
New and sophisticated technique used to test for genetic
disorders which involved looking at the genetic molecules in
detail. It can also be used to find evolutionary links or forensic
science.
When certain individuals are better suited to their
environment they are more likely to survive and breed,
passing on their features to the next generation.
Variation  selection pressure survival / death  pass on
genes
Differences between living organisms. This could be between
different species or between members in a population of the
same species.
A change in DNA which can be good or bad. It can increase
variation in a species but also cause diseases like cancer.
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When two populations are separated and cannot breed with
each other.
The great variety of living things, both within a species and
between different species.
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Using resources in this way enables us to continue over long
periods of time
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The continuous growing of one type of crop
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Substances that can be broken down by microorganisms such
as bacteria and fungi. Paper and wood items are this, plastics
are not.
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New found natural chemicals that have medicinal properties
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Loss of forests and thereby habitat due to human activity
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Science of studying and protecting nature and recording the
Earth’s biodiversity with the aim of protecting it
B3 Life on Earth
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Key term
Species
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A group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile
offspring
An organism that can produce offspring
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An organism that cannot produce offspring
Infertile
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Features that help an organism survive in its environment
Adaptations
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This happens to a species when all its members have died out
Extinct
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The place where an organism lives
Habitat
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Different organisms that require the same resource, such as
food, water, light or space do this
An animal that kills other animals (its prey) for food.
Competition
A condition that impairs normal functioning of an organism’s
body, usually associated with particular sign and symptoms. It
may be caused by an infection or by the dysfunction of
internal organs
Organisms found at the start of the food chain
Disease
Organisms that eat others in a food chain. This is all the
organisms in a food chain except the producer(s).
The process in green plants that use energy from sunlight to
convert carbon dioxide and water into the sugar glucose
Many food chains interlinked.
Consumer
A series of chemical reactions in cells that release energy for
the cells to use
Organisms including bacteria and fungi that feed on dead
organisms. They break down the complex organic chemicals
in dead matter, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem
to be used by other living things
Term describing how all living organisms and processes in an
ecosystem are linked
Scavengers and other small organisms which contribute to
the breakdown of dead organic matter.
The process of burning substances that react with oxygen to
produce heat and light (and CO2 and H2O)
The cycling of an element between the atmosphere,
biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. The element exists
as different compound in the these spheres. In the
atmosphere it is mainly present as carbon dioxide.
Single-celled photosynthetic organisms found in an ocean
ecosystem.
Process by which dead organic matter is broken down into
molecules and atoms which can be recycled
Respiration
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Fertile
Predator
Producer
Photosynthesis
Food web
Decomposers
Interdependence
Detritivores
Combustion
Carbon cycle
Phytoplankton
Decomposition
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When nitrogen in the air is converted into nitrates in the soil
by bacteria
Bacteria found in the soil and in swellings (nodules) on the
roots of some plants (legumes), such as clover and peas.
These bacteria take in nitrogen gas and makes nitrates, which
plants can absorb and use to make proteins.
Bacteria that feed on dead organic matter, breaking it down
and helping molecules to be recycled
Bacteria that break down nitrates in the soil releasing
nitrogen into the air.
The continuous cycle of one of the elements essential for life.
By being converted to different chemical forms, this element
can be passed between atmosphere, lithosphere,
hydrosphere and biosphere. Specialised bacteria are key to
this cycle.
Invertebrate which lives in water after hatching. Its presence
indicates oxygen rich clean water.
Organism consisting of a fungus growing with a simple
photosynthetic organism called an alga. It grows very slowly
on rocks and trees and its presence can be an indicator for
clean air.
Invertebrate found in oxygen poor aquatic environment. It is
a biological indicator for poor water quality.
The process by which species gradually change over time.
This can produce new species and the proposed mechanism
for is natural selection.
The stony remains of animal or plant that lived millions of
years ago, or an imprint of its mark, for example, a footprint
in a surface.
Choosing parent organism with certain characteristics and
mating them to try to produce offspring that have these
characteristics
The number of a group of organisms
Nitrogen fixation
Observational biologist who came up with the theory of
evolution and explanation of natural selection process.
New and sophisticated technique used to test for genetic
disorders which involved looking at the genetic molecules in
detail. It can also be used to find evolutionary links or forensic
science.
When certain individuals are better suited to their
environment they are more likely to survive and breed,
passing on their features to the next generation.
Variation  selection pressure survival / death  pass on
genes
Differences between living organisms. This could be between
different species or between members in a population of the
same species.
A change in DNA which can be good or bad. It can increase
variation in a species but also cause diseases like cancer.
When two populations are separated and cannot breed with
Darwin
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Decomposing bacteria
Denitrifying
Nitrogen cycle
Mayfly larvae
Lichens
Bloodworms
Evolution
Fossils
Selective breeding
Populations
DNA analysis
Natural selection
Variation
Mutation
Reproductive isolation
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each other.
The great variety of living things, both within a species and
between different species.
Using resources in this way enables us to continue over long
periods of time
The continuous growing of one type of crop
Biodiversity
Sustainability
Monoculture
Biodegradable
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Substances that can be broken down by microorganisms such
as bacteria and fungi. Paper and wood items are this, plastics
are not.
New found natural chemicals that have medicinal properties
46
Loss of forests and thereby habitat due to human activity
Deforestation
47
Science of studying and protecting nature and recording the
Earth’s biodiversity with the aim of protecting it
Conservation
Drug discovery
B3 Life on Earth
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Species
14 Respiration
27 Mayfly larvae
40 Biodiversity
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Fertile
Infertile
Adaptations
Extinct
Habitat
Competition
Predator
Disease
Producers
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Lichens
Bloodworms
Evolution
Fossils
Selective breeding
Populations
Darwin
DNA analysis
Natural selection
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Consumers
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Variation
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Photosynthesis
Food web
Decomposers
Independence
Detritivores
Combustion
Carbon cycle
Phytoplankton
Decomposition
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen-fixing
bacteria
24 Decomposing
bacteria
25 Denitrifying
26 Nitrogen cycle
38 Mutation
39 Reproductive
isolation
Sustainability
Monoculture
Biodegradable
Ecotourism
Drug discovery
Deforestation
Conservation