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Transcript
B3 Life on Earth 1 2 A group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring An organism that can produce offspring 3 An organism that cannot produce offspring 4 Features that help an organism survive in its environment 5 This happens to a species when all its members have died out 6 The place where an organism lives 7 Different organisms that require the same resource, such as food, water, light or space do this (are in …) An animal that kills other animals (its prey) for food. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 A condition that impairs normal functioning of an organism’s body, usually associated with particular sign and symptoms. It may be caused by an infection or by the dysfunction of internal organs Organisms found at the start of the food chain Organisms that eat others in a food chain. This is all the organisms in a food chain except the producer(s). The process in green plants that use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into the sugar glucose Many food chains interlinked. A series of chemical reactions in cells that release energy for the cells to use Organisms including bacteria and fungi that feed on dead organisms. They break down the complex organic chemicals in dead matter, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem to be used by other living things Term describing how all living organisms and processes in an ecosystem are linked Scavengers and other small organisms which contribute to the breakdown of dead organic matter. The process of burning substances that react with oxygen to produce heat and light (and CO2 and H2O) The cycling of an element between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. The element exists as different compound in the these spheres. In the atmosphere it is mainly present as carbon dioxide. Single-celled photosynthetic organisms found in an ocean ecosystem. Process by which dead organic matter is broken down into molecules and atoms which can be recycled Key term 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 39 When nitrogen in the air is converted into nitrates in the soil by bacteria Bacteria found in the soil and in swellings (nodules) on the roots of some plants (legumes), such as clover and peas. These bacteria take in nitrogen gas and makes nitrates, which plants can absorb and use to make proteins. Bacteria that feed on dead organic matter, breaking it down and helping molecules to be recycled Bacteria that break down nitrates in the soil releasing nitrogen into the air. The continuous cycle of one of the elements essential for life. By being converted to different chemical forms, this element can be passed between atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Specialised bacteria are key to this cycle. Invertebrate which lives in water after hatching. Its presence indicates oxygen rich clean water. Organism consisting of a fungus growing with a simple photosynthetic organism called an alga. It grows very slowly on rocks and trees and its presence can be an indicator for clean air. Invertebrate found in oxygen poor aquatic environment. It is a biological indicator for poor water quality. The process by which species gradually change over time. This can produce new species and the proposed mechanism for is natural selection. The stony remains of animal or plant that lived millions of years ago, or an imprint of its mark, for example, a footprint in a surface. Choosing parent organism with certain characteristics and mating them to try to produce offspring that have these characteristics The number of a group of organisms Observational biologist who came up with the theory of evolution and explanation of natural selection process. New and sophisticated technique used to test for genetic disorders which involved looking at the genetic molecules in detail. It can also be used to find evolutionary links or forensic science. When certain individuals are better suited to their environment they are more likely to survive and breed, passing on their features to the next generation. Variation selection pressure survival / death pass on genes Differences between living organisms. This could be between different species or between members in a population of the same species. A change in DNA which can be good or bad. It can increase variation in a species but also cause diseases like cancer. 40 41 When two populations are separated and cannot breed with each other. The great variety of living things, both within a species and between different species. 42 Using resources in this way enables us to continue over long periods of time 43 The continuous growing of one type of crop 44 Substances that can be broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Paper and wood items are this, plastics are not. 45 New found natural chemicals that have medicinal properties 46 Loss of forests and thereby habitat due to human activity 47 Science of studying and protecting nature and recording the Earth’s biodiversity with the aim of protecting it B3 Life on Earth 1 Key term Species 2 A group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring An organism that can produce offspring 3 An organism that cannot produce offspring Infertile 4 Features that help an organism survive in its environment Adaptations 5 This happens to a species when all its members have died out Extinct 6 The place where an organism lives Habitat 7 Different organisms that require the same resource, such as food, water, light or space do this An animal that kills other animals (its prey) for food. Competition A condition that impairs normal functioning of an organism’s body, usually associated with particular sign and symptoms. It may be caused by an infection or by the dysfunction of internal organs Organisms found at the start of the food chain Disease Organisms that eat others in a food chain. This is all the organisms in a food chain except the producer(s). The process in green plants that use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into the sugar glucose Many food chains interlinked. Consumer A series of chemical reactions in cells that release energy for the cells to use Organisms including bacteria and fungi that feed on dead organisms. They break down the complex organic chemicals in dead matter, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem to be used by other living things Term describing how all living organisms and processes in an ecosystem are linked Scavengers and other small organisms which contribute to the breakdown of dead organic matter. The process of burning substances that react with oxygen to produce heat and light (and CO2 and H2O) The cycling of an element between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. The element exists as different compound in the these spheres. In the atmosphere it is mainly present as carbon dioxide. Single-celled photosynthetic organisms found in an ocean ecosystem. Process by which dead organic matter is broken down into molecules and atoms which can be recycled Respiration 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Fertile Predator Producer Photosynthesis Food web Decomposers Interdependence Detritivores Combustion Carbon cycle Phytoplankton Decomposition 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 39 40 When nitrogen in the air is converted into nitrates in the soil by bacteria Bacteria found in the soil and in swellings (nodules) on the roots of some plants (legumes), such as clover and peas. These bacteria take in nitrogen gas and makes nitrates, which plants can absorb and use to make proteins. Bacteria that feed on dead organic matter, breaking it down and helping molecules to be recycled Bacteria that break down nitrates in the soil releasing nitrogen into the air. The continuous cycle of one of the elements essential for life. By being converted to different chemical forms, this element can be passed between atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Specialised bacteria are key to this cycle. Invertebrate which lives in water after hatching. Its presence indicates oxygen rich clean water. Organism consisting of a fungus growing with a simple photosynthetic organism called an alga. It grows very slowly on rocks and trees and its presence can be an indicator for clean air. Invertebrate found in oxygen poor aquatic environment. It is a biological indicator for poor water quality. The process by which species gradually change over time. This can produce new species and the proposed mechanism for is natural selection. The stony remains of animal or plant that lived millions of years ago, or an imprint of its mark, for example, a footprint in a surface. Choosing parent organism with certain characteristics and mating them to try to produce offspring that have these characteristics The number of a group of organisms Nitrogen fixation Observational biologist who came up with the theory of evolution and explanation of natural selection process. New and sophisticated technique used to test for genetic disorders which involved looking at the genetic molecules in detail. It can also be used to find evolutionary links or forensic science. When certain individuals are better suited to their environment they are more likely to survive and breed, passing on their features to the next generation. Variation selection pressure survival / death pass on genes Differences between living organisms. This could be between different species or between members in a population of the same species. A change in DNA which can be good or bad. It can increase variation in a species but also cause diseases like cancer. When two populations are separated and cannot breed with Darwin Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Decomposing bacteria Denitrifying Nitrogen cycle Mayfly larvae Lichens Bloodworms Evolution Fossils Selective breeding Populations DNA analysis Natural selection Variation Mutation Reproductive isolation 41 42 43 44 each other. The great variety of living things, both within a species and between different species. Using resources in this way enables us to continue over long periods of time The continuous growing of one type of crop Biodiversity Sustainability Monoculture Biodegradable 45 Substances that can be broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Paper and wood items are this, plastics are not. New found natural chemicals that have medicinal properties 46 Loss of forests and thereby habitat due to human activity Deforestation 47 Science of studying and protecting nature and recording the Earth’s biodiversity with the aim of protecting it Conservation Drug discovery B3 Life on Earth 1 Species 14 Respiration 27 Mayfly larvae 40 Biodiversity 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fertile Infertile Adaptations Extinct Habitat Competition Predator Disease Producers 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Lichens Bloodworms Evolution Fossils Selective breeding Populations Darwin DNA analysis Natural selection 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 11 Consumers 37 Variation 12 13 Photosynthesis Food web Decomposers Independence Detritivores Combustion Carbon cycle Phytoplankton Decomposition Nitrogen fixation Nitrogen-fixing bacteria 24 Decomposing bacteria 25 Denitrifying 26 Nitrogen cycle 38 Mutation 39 Reproductive isolation Sustainability Monoculture Biodegradable Ecotourism Drug discovery Deforestation Conservation