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Transcript
Cells Section 2! ! Discovery of Cells! Topics Seeing the First Cells! ! ! ! ! ! ! Seeing Cells in other life forms.! ! ! Name____________________! Notes, Diagrams, Drawings In 1665, Robert Hooke first observed cells looking at a slice of cork under a microscope.! ! ! ! ! ! In 1673, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek observed unicellular organisms, blood cells, and bacteria. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cell Theory! 1) All organisms are composed of one of more cells.! ! 2) The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.! ! 3) All cells come from existing cells.! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cell Similarities! All Cells have the following items in common.! ! ! Cell Membrane! All Cells are surrounded by a cell membrane, which acts as ! a barrier between the inside of the cell and the cell’s ! environment.! ! ! Hereditary Material! All new cells receive copies of hereditary material from ! original cells. This material is called DNA (Deoxyribonucleic ! acid) ! ! ! Cytoplasm and Organelles! ! ! ! ! ! Small size! ! ! ! ! Organelles are structures inside the cell that enable to live, grow, and reproduce. ! Cytoplasm: cellular fluid surrounding a cell’s organelles.! ! ! Most Cells are too small to see. Humans are made up of 100 trillion cells. Can a Giant Amoeba Eat A City?! ! ! Surface-to-volume Ratio ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! As a cell’s volume increases, its outer surface grows too but at slower rate. If a cell gets too large, it surface will have too few openings to allow enough materials in and out of the cell membrane. ! ! ! ! The Benefits of Large cells cannot survive because the outer surface is too being multicellular! small to allow in materials its would need. ! Multicellular organisms grow by producing more small cells not larger cells.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Many Kinds of Cells! Having different cells that are specialized for specific jobs ! allows multicellular organism to perform more functions.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Two Types of Cells! ! ! No because as a cell gets larger it needs more food and produces more waste.! ! Prokaryotic Cells! ! ! ! ! ! ! Eukaryotic Cells! ! All cells can be divided into two groups based on the presence of the nucleus.. The nucleus is a membranecovered organelle that contains DNA. ! ! No Nucleus, No membrane-covered organelles, Circular DNA, Bacteria! ! ! ! ! ! Nucleus, Membrane-covered organelles, Linear DNA, all Other Cells 1. What are the three parts of the cell theory?! All organisms are composed of cells; the cell is the basic unit of life in all living things; all cells come from existing cells.! 2. What do all cells have in common?! All cells have a cell membrane, hereditary material (DNA), cytoplasm, and organelles, and they are almost always small.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3. What are two advantages of being multicellular?! ! ! ! ! 4. If a unicellular organism has a cell wall, ribosomes, and circular DNA, is it Eukaryotic or prokaryotic?! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Multicellular Organisms can grow larger and have cells that are specialized for different tasks.! ! ! ! ! ! Cells with circular DNA are prokaryotic.
