Download Micro 532 Exam 96

Microbiology 532
Immunology Examination
Each question is worth 2 points. Read each question carefully. Good luck!!
Multiple Choice
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the difference between adaptive and innate immunity?
A.
There is no difference.
B.
Adaptive is the inducible immunity, while innate is always present regardless of the infectious agent.
C.
Adaptive immunity can be transferred from one individual to another by
cells, while innate can be transferred by serum.
D.
Adaptive is the same as artificial immunity, while innate is the same as
passive immunity.
E.
none of the above
Which is the primary difference between an immunogen and an antigen?
A.
Immunogens will not react with the immune response induced by the antigen.
B.
There is no difference.
C.
Not all antigens can induce an immune response.
D.
Immunogen is another name for the antibody produced in response to
immunization with an antigen.
E.
none of the above
Receptors allow cells to
A.
communicate with one another
B.
bind the Fc of antibody molecules
C.
recognize antigen
D.
all of the above.
E.
none of the above
The prototype immunoglobulin molecule consists of
A.
two heavy chains and two light chains.
B.
three Fab fragments
C.
two Fc and one Fab fragment
D.
one hypervariable region and one constant region
E.
none of the above.
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October 1996
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Immunology Examination
Page 2
The predominant immunoglobulin in human serum is
A.
IgM
B.
IgD
C.
IgE
D.
IgA
E.
none of the above
The J-chain is associated with which type of immunoglobulin molecules?
A.
monomeric
B.
atopic
C.
polymeric
D.
IgG
E.
IgE
Antibody affinity can be viewed as
A.
the concentration of antigen needed to keep the antigen/epitope in the
antigen binding site.
B.
the amplification of binding strength due to multiple interactions with
antigen.
C.
the number of antibodies that can surround a given antigen.
D.
the capacity of an antibody to activate the complement system.
E.
none of the above.
Cross-reaction is due to
A.
antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes reacting with an antigen at the
same time.
B.
antibodies reacting with epitopes shared between two unlike antigens.
C.
high avidity interactions with antigen.
D.
all of the above
E.
none of the above.
Immune precipitation differs from agglutination in that
A.
precipitation involves soluble antigen, while agglutination involves particulate antigen.
B.
agglutination activates the complement system, while precipitation will
not.
C.
precipitation is more effective with IgM antibodies, while agglutination
involves IgG.
Microbiology 532
October 1996
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Immunology Examination
D.
all of the above
E.
none of the above.
Page 3
What is the relationship between the B-cell and the plasma cell?
A.
There is no relationship. They are from distinct cell lineages.
B.
Upon antigenic stimulation, the plasma cell matures to the B cell.
C.
Upon antigenic stimulation, the B cell matures to the plasma cell.
D.
B-cells function as antigen presenting cells to the plasma cell.
E.
none of the above.
True/False
11.
The clonal selection hypothesis proposes that each lymphocyte bears antigen
receptors of many different specificities.
12.
CD antigens are associated with specific cell functions or stages of maturation
or activation.
13.
MHC gene products on the surface of antigen presenting cells function as both
antigen and T cell receptors.
14.
Cytokines/Chemokines are soluble products of cells that possess antigen
specificity.
15.
Natural killer (NK) cells are innately able to recognize certain types of tumor
cells and kill them.
16.
Complement receptors (immune adherence receptors) on NK cells allow them to
mediate ADCC.
17.
Neutrophil chemotaxis is partially due to receptors on the neutrophil recognizing specific ligands on the endothelial cells of blood vessels and sticking to
them.
18.
A microorganism that does not adhere to the surface of the neutrophil is easier
to phagocytose.
19.
The respiratory burst of the phagocytic cells gives rise to the oxygenindependent cytotoxic activities of that cells.
20.
An adjuvant is a substance that enhances innate defense mechanisms.
Multiple Choice
21.
The primary response is characterized by
A.
a short lag phase.
B.
a short logarithmic phase.
Microbiology 532
October 1996
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Immunology Examination
C.
a long plateau phase.
D.
a long lag phase.
E.
none of the above.
Page 4
The most important activity associated with the primary response is
A.
Formation of IgA antibodies
B.
Formation of memory cells.
C.
Formation of complement components
D.
A and B
E.
all of the above
Affinity maturation is
A.
the process by which a specific immunoglobulin molecule continues to
refold around an epitope to give a better fit and, thus, higher affinity.
B.
the selection process by which the immune system selects the clones
making the highest affinity antibody.
C.
the effect of multiple receptor-ligand interactions, resulting in high avidity.
D.
the amplification effect of complement activation following antibodyantigen reactions.
E.
none of the above.
Atopic hypersensitivity is generally characterized by
A.
production of IgE antibodies
B.
Mast cell degranulation
C.
localized sensitization
D.
tissue-fixing antibodies
E.
all of the above
Mast cell degranulation is due to
A.
binding of IgE antibodies to Mast cell Fc receptors.
B.
high levels of T cell suppressor activity
C.
complement binding to immune adherence receptors on Mast cells
D.
cross-linking of IgE bound to Fc receptors on Mast cells.
E.
none of the above
Atopy is thought to be the result of
A.
insufficient T cell suppressor activity.
B.
high levels of IgG antibodies
Microbiology 532
October 1996
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Immunology Examination
C.
low levels of IgG antibodies
D.
excess numbers of Mast cells
E.
none of the above.
Page 5
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is due to
A.
maternal recognition of ABO antigens of the fetus.
B.
recognition of Rh(-) antigen of the fetus by the Rh(+) mother.
C.
recognition of Rh(+) antigen of the fetus by the Rh(+) mother.
D.
recognition of Rh(+) antigen of the fetus by the Rh(-) mother.
E.
none of the above.
Serum sickness occurs when
A.
a massive dose of foreign protein is administered to a person.
B.
immune complexes form in the circulation.
C.
complement activation occurs in kidneys, capillary beds, joints.
D.
frustrated phagocytosis occurs.
E.
all of the above.
An immunoassay to detect serum levels of IgE is doomed to failure when
A.
the second antibody is not heavy chain-specific
B.
the second antibody reacts with light chains.
C.
the second antibody is produced against whole IgE molecules.
D.
all of the above.
E.
none of the above
Frustrated phagocytosis is the result of
A.
failure of the phagocyte to completely engulf its prey.
B.
loss of Fc receptors on the phagocyte.
C.
loss of immune adherence receptors on the phagocyte.
D.
failure to follow the chemotactic trail to the source of infection.
E.
none of the above.
True/False
31.
Granulomatous hypersensitivity may occur when the immune response is not
successful at eliminating an infectious agent.
32.
The secretory immune system is responsible for protecting mucosal surfaces of
the body.
Microbiology 532
October 1996
Immunology Examination
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33.
Secretory IgA is made in the primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
34.
Antigen reaches to O-MALT by diffusion through M-cells.
35.
Homing is the term that describes the migration of B cells from the follicle to
distant regions of the MALT.
36.
Secretory component is synthesized by plasma cells of D-MALT.
37.
IgA antibodies are good mediators of inflammatory reactions.
38.
The key to preventing bacterial adherence is blocking specific receptors used by
bacteria to adhere to tissues.
39.
Neutrophils are associated with antibody-mediated hypersensitivities because
of the chemotactic factors generated by the complement system.
40.
The valence of an antigen is the number of its antigenic epitopes.
Matching
For the next five questions - Pick the most appropriate answer from the following list. Each answer may be used more than once.
A. A
B. B
C. AB
D. O
E. B or O
41.
What is/are the antigen(s) recognized by the naturally occurring isohemagglutinins in a person with Type O blood?
42.
A person with naturally occurring isohemagglutinins reacting with Type A
blood is which type?
43.
A person possessing antibody against neither Type A or B is
44.
A person possessing antibody against both Type A and B is
45.
A person who is Rh(+) and Type O possesses naturally occurring isohemagglutinins reacting with
For the next five questions - Pick the most appropriate answer from the following list. Each answer may be used more than once.
A. Atopic hypersensitivity
B. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity
C. Toxic complex hypersensitivity
D. Cell-mediated hypersensitivity
E. B and C
Microbiology 532
October 1996
Immunology Examination
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46.
Which is most likely to be associated with poison ivy?
47.
Which is most likely to be predicted by a family history?
48.
Which is most likely to occur after administration of 10 grams of horse tetanus
anti-toxin?
49.
Which is most likely to occur after administration of mismatched blood?
50.
Which is most likely to occur following administration of high doses of drugs
capable of binding to serum proteins, blood cells and tissues?