Download General Biology 115 Summer 2014

General Biology 115
Summer 2014: Exam I Form A
Name: ____________________________________________
1.
Which of the following best explains why FADH2 yields less ATP than NADH during cell
respiration?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Energy captured by FADH2 contributes less to the proton gradient than NADH
NADH can activate the ATP synthase complex, FADH2 cannot
FADH2 cannot be used in substrate level phosphoryation
Some of the energy from FADH2 is transferred to NADH
Energy is required to transfer FADH2 from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria
Use the following graphs to answer Question 2.
2.
All of the following are accurate statements regarding the above graph EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The experiment has two independent variables
The dependent variable is a continuous variable
Based on the graph, it can be concluded that girls perform better on reading tasks
than boys at all ages
The experiment is an example of correlational research
A&C
Use the following list to answer Question 3.
1
2
3
4
5
Nucleolus
Rough ER
Transport vesicles
Cytoplasm
Free ribosomes
3.
Messenger RNA may be physically associated with which of the following cellular
components?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1, 2 & 5
1, 2, 4 & 5
2, 4 & 5
2&5
2 only
Use the following list to answer Questions 4 - 5.
1
2
3
4
4.
Amino
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Hydroxyl
2&3
2, 3 & 5
1, 2, 3 & 5
2, 3, 5 & 6
2, 3, 5, 6 & 7
Which of the above MAY be located in the hydrophobic region of a plasma membrane?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
1, 4, 5 & 7
1, 5 & 7
4, 5 & 7
5&7
5 only
Which of the following levels of protein organization may be affected when a mutation changes
a single amino acid in the protein?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
All but D
Use the following list to answer Question 7.
1
2
3
4
Methyl
Phosphate
Sulfhydryl
Of the functional groups listed above, which include one or more carbon atoms bonded to other
atoms?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.
5
6
7
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER
5
7.
Smooth ER
Which of the cellular components listed above are surrounded by a double membrane?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8.
How does Complex I of the electron transport chain differ from Complex II?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9.
1, 4 & 5
4&5
3 only
All but 2
All of the above
Complex I is a proton pump, Complex II is not
Complex I transfers electrons to Complex II, Complex II transfers electrons to Complex
III
Complex I accepts electrons from FADH2, Complex II receives electrons from NADH
The energy from electrons transferred to Complex I produce fewer ATP molecules than
Complex II
B&D
In regards to the properties of carbohydrates, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Chitin and cellulose are structural polysaccharides
Glycogen is a storage polysaccharide
In aqueous solutions, many monosaccharaides form ring structures
The carbohydrate polymer is formed when two or more disaccharides form ester
bonds with glycerol
Glycosidic linkages are formed when monosaccharaides undergo condensation
reactions
Use the following information to answer Questions 10 -11.
The runny nose associated with common colds is related to the release of either virus-induced
histamine or acetylcholine. The nasal mucosa contain receptors for both histamine and acetylcholine.
Activation of either of these receptor types results in increased secretion by nasal glands, producing a
runny nose.
In an attempt to treat this condition, several new drugs have been investigated. Drug A primarily
blocks histamine receptors but also partially blocks acetylcholine receptors. Drug B blocks histamine
receptors but has no effect on the acetylcholine receptors.
Subjects with severe common colds, whose symptoms were judged to be identical, were randomly
assigned to three groups. Group 1 received Drug A, Group 2 received Drug B, and those in Group 3
were treated with a nondrug placebo. After 4 hours, patients reported their own runny nose symptoms
on a 5-point scale ranging from a dry nose (1) to an excessively runny nose (5).
10.
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
a.
b.
The experiment has one independent variable
The dependent variable is a discrete variable
c.
d.
e.
11.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
12.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Ssubstrate level phosphorylation produces the fewest ATP molecules during the TCA
cycle
Energy captured in the formation of NADH during glycolysis produces fewer ATP
than the FADH2 formed during the TCA cycle
Energy captured in the formation of NADH when acetyl CoA is formed produces more
ATP than the FADH2 formed during the TCA cycle
A&B
B&C
In regards to biological systems, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
14.
The independent variable is the length of time before symptoms were reported
The dependent variable is whether the subject received the histamine or acetylcholine
receptor blocking drug
The dependent variable was discrete
The results should be graphed using a line graph
C&D
In regards to the ATP yielded during aerobic respiration, which of the following is NOT
TRUE?
a.
13.
The experiment lacks a control group
The study is a true experiment
C&D
During catabolism, enthalpy of the products is greater than the enthalpy of the reactants
During most biological reactions, some bond energy is converted into entropy
During catabolic reactions, free energy of the products is higher than that of the
reactants
Metabolic reactions that increase temperature, decrease enthalpy
C&D
In regards to the synthesis of protein, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The production of all proteins require mRNA
Translation requires the endomembrane system
Expressed proteins are coded for by exons
Secreted proteins must pass through the golgi apparatus
A&B
15.
Of the following, which of the following membrane functions MAY be affected by a mutation
that creates a hydrophobic region on the extra-cellular surface of a peripheral protein?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
16.
In regards to the three-dimensional distribution of electrons around the nucleus, which of the
following is TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
17.
“GBomnium” has 19 neutrons
“GBomnium” has more electrons than protons
“GBomnium” has more neutrons than electrons
A&C
A, B & C
How many dehydrogenation reactions occur per acetyl CoA in the TCA cycle?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
20.
Enthalpy is always greater than free energy
Enthalpy is always greater than entropy
Free energy may be greater than entropy
A&B
A, B & C
The hypothetical element “GBomnium” has a charge of -1 and the following mass and atomic
numbers: 39GB and 20GB. All of the following are characteristics of “GBomnium” EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
19.
For an electron to be in a 3d orbital, the 4s orbital must be full
To move to an orbit farther from the nucleus, potential energy must be lost
Valence shell typically have tow electrons
All inert atoms have more than two electrons
B&C
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between enthalpy, free energy and
entropy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
18.
The shape of the protein changes and the protein can no longer bind to a ligand
The shape of the protein changes and the transport of ions through the membrane is
reduced
The shape of the protein changes and the protein and enzymatic activity along the
membranes surface is reduced
A&B
A&C
3
4
6
8
12
All of the following are characteristics of chemical reactions EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
21.
In regards to the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane, which of the following is
TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
22.
Enzymes reduce the energy of activation necessary to start a chemical reaction
Reactions that include enzymes produce less free energy to create products
Active sites for enzymes are usually unique three-dimensional regions of protein
The effectiveness of an enzyme may decrease when pH is increased
B&D
Hypotheses have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
25.
20
21
22
23
29
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an enzymes?
a.
b.
c.
molecules
d.
e.
24.
Peripheral proteins are always associated with integral proteins
Hydrophilic regions of phospholipids are located in the center of the membrane
Peripheral proteins may act as membrane channels
Phosphate functional groups attached to phospholipids are only in contact with the fluid
surrounding the outside of the cell
C&D
How many electrons does an uncharged atom with a total of three electrons in the 3d shells?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
23.
Free energy of the reactants increases during endergonic reactions
Reactions with low activation energy may occur spontaneously
Electrons are donated during reductive reactions
Most cellular reactions cannot spontaneously overcome energy of activation
A&C
Hypotheses are a tentative explanation for an observation
An experimental hypothesis must be rejected when there is a low probability of the
null hypothesis being true
Hypotheses must be testable
A&B
B&C
Of the following, which of the following can do cellular work?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Free energy
Enthalpy
Entropy
Activation energy
C&D
Use the following table to answer Question 26.
1 Phosphorylation of glucose
2 Preparation reactions for frutose-1,6diphosphate
3 Preparation reactions for pyruvate
26.
6
Decarboxylation of citrate
2, 4 & 5
2, 3 & 5
3&6
3&4
3, 4 & 5
Atom “X” has valence of 4. The atom forms a molecule where “X” double bonds with another
“X”. How many more bonds are necessary to complete the valence shell of all atoms in the
molecule? Assume the molecule is not charged.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
28.
Preparation reactions for oxaloacetate
Decarboxylation of pyruvate
During which of the reactions listed above is ATP generated?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
27.
4
5
0
1
2
4
5
All of the following are characteristics of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Microfilaments restrict the movement of cytoplasmic organelles
Spindles are formed from microtubules
Microfilaments are contractile proteins that allow the cell to change shape
A&B
A&C
Use the information in the following graph to answer Question 29
29.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a.
The experiment has one independent variable
b.
c.
d.
e.
The dependent variable is a discrete variable
The experiment lacks a control group
The experiment is an example of correlational research
A&C
Use the following information for Question 30.
1
2
3
4
30.
Of the following reactions listed above, which produce products that have lower free energy
than the reactants?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
31.
Both exocytosis and endocytosis may reduce the surface area of the membrane
The coated pit is recycled during receptor mediated endocytosis
Facilitated diffusion is a type of bulk transport
Pinocytosis is a non-specific process
A&C
Which of the following is TRUE for a solution with an OH- concentration of 1x10-10.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
34.
Electron transport
Formation of acetyl CoA
TCA cycle
Chemiosmosis
All of the above
In regards to membrane transport, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
33.
1 only
1&3
1&4
2&3
2&4
The intermembrane space contributes to which of the following processes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
32.
Exergonic
Endergonic
Anabolic
Catabolic
The solution has a greater OH- concentration than H+ concentration
The solution has a pH of 4
The solution is basic
A&B
A&C
Assuming a glucose molecule is fully oxidized, which of the following is NOT a characteristic
of the TCA cycle?
a.
b.
Two GTP are produced per acetyl-CoA in the TCA cycle
Two carbon dioxides are produced per acetyl-CoA in the TCA cycle
c.
d.
e.
35.
Of the following, which produces the greatest amount of ATP during in aerobic respiration?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
36.
c.
d.
e.
Allosteric modulators change the shape of the active site
Allosteric modulators remover inhibitors from reactants
Allosteric modulators decrease activation energy
Allosteric modulators release products from the active site of an enzyme
Allosteric modulators catalyze reactions between substrates
Substance X has a molecular weight of 200 dalton. How many grams of X are required to make
250 ml of 0.4 M Solution X.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
40.
Expressed regions of chromosomes leave the nucleus through nuclear pores
Movement of vesicles between the ER and golgi apparatus requires microfilaments
mRNA must be translated by the ribosomes associated with the rough ER
All proteins leaving the golgi apparatus will be secreted from the cell
All of the above are TRUE
Of the following, which best describes the effect that an allosteric modulator has on an
enzymatic reaction?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
39.
Atoms with eight valence electrons do not usually form new chemical bonds
Molecules formed from 2 atoms that are electronegative usually form polar covalent
bonds
Ionic bonds result from electrostatic attraction between atoms that have gained or lost
electrons
Van der Waals forces result when filled orbitals of two atoms exchange electrons
B&D
In regards to the endomembrane system, which of the following is TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
38.
Direct phosphorylation of ATP during glycolysis
Energy captured in the formation of NADH during glycolysis
Energy captured in the formation of FADH2 during the TCA cycle
Energy captured in the formation of NADH when acetyl CoA is formed
Energy captured in the formation of NADH during the TCA cycle
All of the following are properties of chemical bonds EXCEPT:
a.
b.
37.
One FADH2 are produced per acetyl-CoA in the TCA cycle
One ATP is produced per acetyl-CoA in the TCA cycle
Three NADH are produced per acetyl-CoA in the TCA cycle
450 grams
100 grams
80 grams
20 grams
Cannot be determined with the available information
In regards to membrane transport, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
lower
d.
e.
41.
Pinocytosis has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
42.
Oxygen cannot be reduced
Electrons cannot flow to Complex III
Less H+ will be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane
B&C
A, B & C
Atom A has one electron in its valence shell. Atom B has seven electrons in its valence shell.
Which of the following type of bond is likely to be formed by these atoms?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
45.
Reactions that are spontaneous at room temperature
Reactions that can occur when catalyzed by an enzyme
Endergonic reactions with low activation energies
A&B
A, B & C
Pharmacologic agent X blocks NADH from binding to components of the electron transport
chain. Which of the following is the most likely effect of pharmacologic agent X?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
44.
Pinocytosis requires cellular energy
Pinocytosis requires transmembrane proteins
Pinocytosis is non-selective
Pinocytosis generally transports materials into the cell
A&C
Of the following, which result in the decrease of free energy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
43.
Both exocytosis and endocytosis may selectively move material across the membrane
Receptors present on the coated pit selectively bind extra-cellular materials during
receptor mediated endocytosis
Osmosis moves water from areas with higher solute concentration to areas with
solute concentration
Pinocytosis moves fluid and dissolved materials into cells
C&D
A and B form covalent bonds
A and B form ionic bonds
A and B form polar covalent bonds
A and B form the same type of bonds
Cannot tell which type of bonds each forms from the information provided
All of the following are characteristics of macromolecules EXCEPT:
a.
b.
Bonds found in nucleic acids are formed between the phosphate of one nucleotide and
the sugar of another
Lipids are not formed by linking multiple small monomers
c.
d.
e.
46.
Properties of carbohydrates are determined by their linear sequence of
monosaccharaides
The biological activity of proteins is determined by their three dimensional shape
A&C
Substance X has a molecular weight of 200 dalton. How many grams of X are there in 100 ml
of 2.0 M Solution X.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
40 grams
80 grams
100 grams
200 grams
400 grams
Use the following table to answer Question 47.
1
2
3
4
5
47.
Which of the reaction types occur during the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phophate to
pyruvate?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
48.
1 only
1&5
1, 2 & 5
1, 2 & 3
1, 3 & 4
In regards to gene expression, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
49.
Dehydrogenation
Decarboxylation
Preparation
ATP synthesis
Chemiosmosis
Only exons are transcribed
Translation can occur without the components of the endomembrane system
Ribosomes synthesized the primary protein sequence
The golgi apparatus packages proteins in transport vesicles
B&D
Nucleoside analogue drugs are used in the treatment of HIV infections. These drugs disrupt the
formation of nucleic acids. All of the following are likely to be affected by these drugs
EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Condensation reactions between sugars and phosphate
Transcription of DNA
Translation of mRNA
B&C
A, B & C
Use the following list to answer Question 50.
1
2
3
4
5
6
50.
Hydrophobic regions of integral proteins
Hydrophobic regions of phospholipids
Hydrophobic regions of peripheral proteins
Hydrophilic regions of integral proteins
Hydrophilic regions of phospholipids
Hydrophilic regions of peripheral proteins
Which of the following components of the plasma membrane MAY attach to microfilaments?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
1, 2 & 3
4, 5 & 6
3&6
1&4
6 only