Download Lecture Exam IV - Napa Valley College

Name: ___________________________
Bio 120 Spring 2012
Exam IV, Worth 150 points, each question is worth 2 pts unless otherwise noted
Multiple Choice, use a scantron
1.
Polyploidy is:
A. the presence of more than two of a certain chromosome.
B. the presence of more than one of a certain chromosome.
C. the presence of multiple sets of chromosomes.
2.
In human the 9th chromosome codes for the production glycoproteins on blood cells. If the person has
type AB blood, they are heterozygous, having one allele that codes for A type proteins and the other allele
codes for B type proteins, the person will produce both A and B proteins on the blood cells. This is an example
of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Epistasis
Polygenes
3.
In Labrador retrievers, there are two alleles for coat color (black and brown) and a different gene at
another location with an allele for depositing the color. What is the term for the this type of genetic interaction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Epistasis
Polygenes
Down syndrome is an example of a _____________ condition.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
monosomic
disomic
aneuploidy
polyploidy
transgenic
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5.
Persons having an XO karyotype have underdeveloped internal and external genitalia and are sterile.
They have _____________ syndrome.
A.
B.
C.
D.
6.
Turner
Klinefelter
Down
Phenylketonuria
Cri du chat syndrome arises from:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7.
trisomy for chromosome 5.
deletion of part of chromosome 5.
a reciprocal translocation.
nondisjunction.
a duplication of part of chromosome 5.
The autosomal recessive disease that results in a defective chloride ion channel is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
8.
Cystic Fibrosis
Tay sachs
Huntington
Phenylketonuria
Hemophelia is caused by a:
A.
B.
C.
D.
9.
Recessive X-linked disorder
Abnormal number of chromosomes
Recessive autosomal disorder
Dominant autosomal disorder
In pre-implantation genetic screening, who is tested for a genetic disorder:
A.
B.
C.
D.
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The embryo
The parents
The fetus
The newborn baby
Alternate forms of the same gene are called
chromatids
alleles
loci
autosomes
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11.
Females have the genotype XX and males have the genotype XY, this means that if both X
chromosomes are actively coding for proteins then females will produce twice as much protein as males,
explain how humans compensate for this?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the males’ X chromosome are “super” chromosomes, being over active.
the females’ shut down one X chromosome in each cell
the X chromosome only codes for proteins needed by females, so it doesn’t matter
the genes on the X chromosomes in females are under expressed
12.
During protein synthesis, the tRNA carrying the first amino acid, methionine (Met), binds to which site
on the ribosome?
A)
B)
C)
D)
A site
P site
E site
M site
13.
During protein synthesis, the tRNA carrying the rest of the amino acids (all the amino acids after the
first methionine) to the ribosome bind to which site on the ribosome?
A)
B)
C)
D)
14.
A site
P site
E site
M site
Energy is needed in which protein synthesis steps:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
15.
The building of the peptide bond; translocation; the binding of the tRNA to the A site
Translocation; the binding of the tRNA to the A site
The building of the peptide bond; the binding of the tRNA to the A site
The building of the peptide bond; translocation
Only the building of the peptide bond
The energy source required for protein synthesis at the ribosome is:
A)
B)
C)
D)
ATP
GTP
CTP
TTP
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16.
Coding regions of mRNA are called:
A)
B)
C)
D)
17.
introns
exons
expressons
transposons
Transcription or Translation is when the information from mRNA is used to make a polypeptide chain
A) transcription
B) translation
18.
Mutations that change an amino acid codon into a stop codon are called:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
19.
Missense
Nonsense
Frameshift
Transposons
Silent
The catalytic portion of the ribosome is this component:
A)
B)
C)
D)
rRNA
protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
20.
The three RNA nucleotide bases that are found on the transfer RNA molecule which pairs with the
mRNA are called the:
A)
B)
C)
D)
rRNA
Codon
Anticodon
Gene
21.
In gene regulation, the condition where the repressor is in place most of the time, keeping the gene
turned “off” is called:
A. Repressible
B. Inducible
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22.
Even when lactose is present, the transcription of the lac operon does not proceed at a high rate. It needs
an activator protein, catabolite activator protein (CAP). This protein needs to bind what molecule in order to be
active?
A.
B.
C.
D.
23.
cAMP
ATP
GTP
Ca++
In the lac operon, RNA polymerase binds to this region:
A. repressor gene
B. operator region
C. promoter region
24.
Is the try operon (containing the genes for Tryptophan metabolism) a repressible or an inducible system?
A. repressible
B. inducible
25.
The genes that codes for the “brake” proteins that inhibit the cell cycle going forward are:
A. Proto oncogenes
B. Tumor suppressor genes
26.
In drosophila flies the larva undergoes several molts and grow until it becomes a _______ with a
hardened cuticle:
A.
B.
C.
D.
27.
zygote
embryo
pupa
adult fly
Viruses that are released from their host cell by rupturing the host cell are using:
A. Lytic cycle
B. Lysogenic cycle
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28.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
29.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
30.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
31.
A.
B.
C.
D.
32.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The protein coat of a virus is called the:
capsule.
capsid.
exospore.
phage.
pilus.
Viruses that attack bacteria are called:
bacteriophages.
bacteriods
prions.
virons.
viroids.
Mad cow disease is an example of an infection caused by a:
bacterium.
bacteriophage.
retrovirus.
viroid.
prion.
The natural host of the Ebola virus is:
Swine (pigs)
Deer mice
Birds
The natural host is unknown
These organisms are able to fix CO2 and they obtain their energy from inorganic compounds.
Photoheterotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs
Photoautotrophs
Chemoautotrophs
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33.
Even though bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can
still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
34.
the nuclear membranes.
the endoplasmic reticulum.
the plasma membrane.
ribosomes.
the cell wall.
True of false: Bacterial cells contain ribosomes.
A. True
B. False
35.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Small circles of DNA called ______________ exist in addition to the bacterial chromosome.
capsids
plasmids
chromatids
pili
centromeres
36.
Hair-like structures made of protein on the surface of some bacteria that helps the bacteria to adhere to
surfaces are called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
37.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
capsids
plasmids
chromatids
pili
centromeres
These cells can become “antigen-presenting cells” (APCs):
mast cells
lymphocytes
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
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38.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
39.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which cells release histamines:
mast cells
lymphocytes
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
T cells are produced in the:
Thymus
Thyroid
Spleen
Bone marrow
Liver
Fill in and short answer:
40.
(4 pts) A group of young scientists are breeding fruit flies and are looking at the genetics of two traits in
the flies, the color of the fly and the size of the wings.
Grey bodies are dominant over black and normal wings are dominant over vestigial wings.
They bred black flies with vestigial wings with flies that are heterozygous for color and wings.
In the F1 generation, they counted:
965 grey flies with normal wings
944 black flies with vestigial wings
206 grey flies with vestigial wings
185 black flies with normal wings
Help out these researchers, explain to them about their experiment and the results of their experiment.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
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41.
I have a plant that is producing purple flowers. This variety of plant can produce either purple or white
flowers and the purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. These plants can’t self fertilize. Since the
flowers are purple I don’t know the genotype of this plant, it could be homozygous dominant or heterozygous.
In order to find out the genotype, I will perform a test cross, describe the test cross breeding experiment.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
42.
(4 pts) What molecules are modified in post-transcriptional modifications and name three posttranscriptional modifications.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
43.
(4 pts) How are the ribosomes brought over to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), include in your
answer what tells the cell that the polypeptide chain needs to be brought to the RER and what are the molecules
that bring the ribosomes to the RER.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
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44.
In e. coli, what is the molecule that binds to the repressor protein in the tryptophan operon?
___________________________________________
45.
In e. coli, what molecule binds to the repressor protein of the lac operon?
___________________________________________
46.
In eukaryotic cells, there is a region of the DNA located in the upstream portion of the promoter region
where transcription factors bind to, this region is called:
___________________________________________
47.
(4 pts) Name two examples of structural motifs commonly found in transcriptional factors which form
their active sites.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
48.
(5 pts) There are three genes in the lac operon: lac Z, lac Y, and lac A genes. What proteins do these
genes code for. And what is the function of the proteins (if known).
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
49.
The process that changes a cell into a mature, specialized cell is called:
___________________________________________
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50.
(5 points) What are maternal effect genes, include in your discussion, examples of maternal effect
genes, what the origin of the genes are, at what point in development do these genes effect the organism, what
effect do they have on the organism.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
51.
(4 pts) You are looking at drosophilia flies that have been exposed to radiation and you observe many
interesting mutations in the body plans of these flies. What type of genes do you think are involved in this
mutation? Why are vertebrates less at risk to these types of mutation.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
52.
The type of viruses that have RNA which gets changed to double stranded DNA are called:
___________________________________________
53.
What are two examples of viruses that cause cancer?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
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54.
(6 pts) What are three enzymes that HIV has, and what are the functions?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
55.
What is the glycoprotein on the HIV that binds with the CD4 receptor on the T cell?
___________________________________________
56.
The first evidence of life is mats of cyanobacterial cells that trap mineral deposits, these mats are called:
___________________________________________
57.
Bacteria that can survive with or without O2 are called:
___________________________________________
58.
(3 pts) Name three differences (other than where they live) between the domains archaea and bacteria
(eubacteria).
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
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59.
(4 pts) Describe the structure of gram negative prokaryotic cell walls, including what are the cell walls
made, how many layers, and how thick the layers are.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
60.
Any object or substance that is perceived as foreign and therefore elicits an immune response is called:
___________________________________________
61.
The nonspecific defenses of our immune system that attack any antigen is called:
___________________________________________
62.
(3 pts) What are three examples of barrier defenses?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
63.
What are two effects histamines have on blood vessels?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
64.
What are two ways antibodies fight disease or foreign invaders?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
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Bonus Questions:
1. Name an example of a tumor suppressor gene
___________________________________________
2. Genes that code for proteins that are always needed, therefore they are always being transcribed are
called:
___________________________________________
3. What is the role of ubiquitin in the cell?
___________________________________________
4. What is one example of a type of segmentation genes.
___________________________________________
5. Flagella in bacteria cells are made of what protein?
___________________________________________
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