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Cells & Heredity Chapter 1 Vocabulary 1. Unicellular – organisms made of a single cell 2. Multicellular – organisms made of two or more cells 3. Prokaryotic – cells with no nucleus 4. Eukaryotic – cells with a nucleus 5. Cell membrane – a protective covering enclosing a cell 6. Cell wall – a rigid protective covering in plant cells 7. Cytoplasm – gel-like material in the cell 8. Organelle - any membrane bound structure in a cell 9. Nucleus – the organelle that contains genetic material in eukaryotic cells 10. Mitochondria – the organelle that uses oxygen to release energy stored in glucose 11. Chloroplast – in plants, the organelle that contains chlorophyll, this is where PHOTOSYNTHESIS takes place Cells Ch1.1 Notes The Cell is the Basic Unit of Life All Living Things Share Four Characteristics ORGANIZATION GROWTH REPRODUCE RESPOND TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT All Living Things are Made of ONE or MORE CELLS UNICELLULAR- organisms that consist of one cell MULTICELLULAR- organisms that consist of two or more cells Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells perform all of life’s functions 3. Cells only come from other living cells Cells Chapter 1.2 NOTES Characteristic Prokaryotic Cells No Nucleus (and no organelles) Bacteria & Archaea Eukaryotic Cells Yes Nucleus (and organelles) Protists, Fungi, Plants & Animals Plant cells have cell walls, central vacuoles & chloroplasts PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL Cell wall Nucleus chloroplasts Mitochondria Central vacuole Cell membrane Lysosomes? Cells Ch.1.3 notes 0. Three domains of living things a. Archaea (Prokaryotic- NO nucleus) b. Bacteria (Prokaryotic- NO nucleus) c. Eukarya (Eukaryotic – YES nucleus) 1. Different cells perform various functions (jobs) = SPECIALIZATION 2. A single cell does all that is necessary for the unicellular organism to survive 3. A multicellular organism is a community of specialized cells a. For example: humans are made up of bone cells, brain cells, skin cells, etc... b. For example: a tree is made up of root cells, stem cells, leaf cells, etc… 4. VOCABULARY a. Specialization = Different cells perform various functions (jobs) b. Tissue = a group of cells c. Organ = a group of tissue