Download Immunology Terms Phagocytosis- method of engulfing and

Immunology Terms
Phagocytosis- method of engulfing and digesting and ultimately presenting
antigens to immune system.
Neutrophils- phagocytic white blood cells.
Monocytes- white blood cells that migrate to tissues and mature into
macrophages
Macrophages- phagocytic antigen presenting cells
Eosinophils- white blood cells associated with defense against parasites,
activated by the adaptive immune response
Natural Killer Cells- white blood cells that kill infected cells at the
innate immunity level
Complement System- group of proteins that can be used to kill cells or
bacteria
Interferons- antiviral cellular protein that alerts nearby cells of viral
infection
The Lymphatic System- circulatory system dedicated to immune function,
separate from veins and arteries
Inflammatory Response- an immune response that causes redness and swelling
in the area of an infection
Histamine- an immune chemical that causes itching and is associated with
allergic reaction
Basophils- white blood cell responsible for releasing histamine
Mast cells- white blood cell responsible for releasing histamine located in
tissues and associated with hypersensitivity to chemicals (causes hives)
Anitgen- any molecule that induces an immune response (short for antibody
generating molecule)
Antibody- proteins secreted by B cells that bind specifically to the
antigen that induces their proliferation
Acquired Immunity- immunity that comes from a previous immune response and
generates memory
Active Immunity- immunity that comes from your own immune system
Passive Immunity- immunity that comes from someone else via injection or
placental delivery in babies
Humoral Immunity- B cell mediated immunity
Cell-Mediated Immunity- T cell mediated immunity
B cells- immune cells responsible for generating antibodies
T cells- immune cells responsible for killing infected cells and for
activating B cell responses
Antigen receptors- specific binding sites for unique antigens
T cell receptors- antigen receptor of T cell
Effector cells- immune cells that have been directed toward a specific
antigenic problem
Plasma cells- B cells that have been activated to secrete antibodies
Cytotoxic T cells- T cells dedicated to killing infected cells
Helper T cells- T cells dedicated to inducing and amplifying immune
responses either T cell or B cell responses
Supressor T cells- T cells associated with the shut down of a successful
immune response
Cytokines- chemical secreted by immune cells to direct an immune response
Clonal Selection- the theory that B cells are generated with an almost
infinite diversity of antigenic receptors
Primary Immune Response- the first and slower response to an infection
Secondary Immune Response- the second, memory dependent, considerably
quicker response to a subsequent infection by the same infectious agent
Memory cells- long living immune cells from a previous immune response used
to quickly respond to infection
Self tolerance- the ability of your immune system to not attack its own
body
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)- the cell marker that facilitates
self tolerance
MHC class I- cell marker that presents viral infections to immune system
MHC class II- cell marker that presents bacterial infections to immune
system
Anigen Presenting cell- any cell capable of connecting with a T cell that
can lead to activation of the adaptive immune response
Epitope- the specific aspect of an antigen that is recognized by a T cell B
cell or antibody
Immunoglobulins (Igs)- B cells there are five families of B cells IgM, IgA,
IgD, IgE, and IgG
Monoclonal Antibodies- antibodies specifically generated for the purpose of
binding to specific targets used often in treatments
ABO Blood groups- Blood groups defined by the type of antigens they have on
their cell surface used to define blood compatibility groups
Rh factor- and additional type of antigen on red blood cells
Allergies- inappropriate and undesired immune response against a noninfectious agent
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome- the generally terminal disease
associated with the destruction of the immune system from an HIV infection
Human Immunodeficiency Virus- the virus associated with the disease AIDS
has specific tropism for immune cells
HIV Positive- term used to describe a person who is infected with the HIV
virus
Concepts worth being able to talk about:
What are the differences between non-specific and specific immune systems.
How does immunological memory work and what does it do/mean?
How does our body differentiate between self and non-self?
Where does the seemingly infinite diversity of antibodies come from?
If immune diversity is truly infinite, then why don't we generate
antibodies against ourselves?
What are the main differences between B cells and T cells?
How can we artificially stimulate the immune response in sick people?
What is it that allows for disease in the immune system?
How do immune cells respond in allergic reactions?
Schematic Illustrations of Immune Response.
Present the following Schematics using more illustrations than words
An immune response to a viral infection using T cells mediated response
An immune response to an extracellular bacterium using B cell mediated
response
The way a vaccine works that incorporates both humoral and cellular
response and memory