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Download Immunology Terms Phagocytosis- method of engulfing and
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Transcript
Immunology Terms Phagocytosis- method of engulfing and digesting and ultimately presenting antigens to immune system. Neutrophils- phagocytic white blood cells. Monocytes- white blood cells that migrate to tissues and mature into macrophages Macrophages- phagocytic antigen presenting cells Eosinophils- white blood cells associated with defense against parasites, activated by the adaptive immune response Natural Killer Cells- white blood cells that kill infected cells at the innate immunity level Complement System- group of proteins that can be used to kill cells or bacteria Interferons- antiviral cellular protein that alerts nearby cells of viral infection The Lymphatic System- circulatory system dedicated to immune function, separate from veins and arteries Inflammatory Response- an immune response that causes redness and swelling in the area of an infection Histamine- an immune chemical that causes itching and is associated with allergic reaction Basophils- white blood cell responsible for releasing histamine Mast cells- white blood cell responsible for releasing histamine located in tissues and associated with hypersensitivity to chemicals (causes hives) Anitgen- any molecule that induces an immune response (short for antibody generating molecule) Antibody- proteins secreted by B cells that bind specifically to the antigen that induces their proliferation Acquired Immunity- immunity that comes from a previous immune response and generates memory Active Immunity- immunity that comes from your own immune system Passive Immunity- immunity that comes from someone else via injection or placental delivery in babies Humoral Immunity- B cell mediated immunity Cell-Mediated Immunity- T cell mediated immunity B cells- immune cells responsible for generating antibodies T cells- immune cells responsible for killing infected cells and for activating B cell responses Antigen receptors- specific binding sites for unique antigens T cell receptors- antigen receptor of T cell Effector cells- immune cells that have been directed toward a specific antigenic problem Plasma cells- B cells that have been activated to secrete antibodies Cytotoxic T cells- T cells dedicated to killing infected cells Helper T cells- T cells dedicated to inducing and amplifying immune responses either T cell or B cell responses Supressor T cells- T cells associated with the shut down of a successful immune response Cytokines- chemical secreted by immune cells to direct an immune response Clonal Selection- the theory that B cells are generated with an almost infinite diversity of antigenic receptors Primary Immune Response- the first and slower response to an infection Secondary Immune Response- the second, memory dependent, considerably quicker response to a subsequent infection by the same infectious agent Memory cells- long living immune cells from a previous immune response used to quickly respond to infection Self tolerance- the ability of your immune system to not attack its own body Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)- the cell marker that facilitates self tolerance MHC class I- cell marker that presents viral infections to immune system MHC class II- cell marker that presents bacterial infections to immune system Anigen Presenting cell- any cell capable of connecting with a T cell that can lead to activation of the adaptive immune response Epitope- the specific aspect of an antigen that is recognized by a T cell B cell or antibody Immunoglobulins (Igs)- B cells there are five families of B cells IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgG Monoclonal Antibodies- antibodies specifically generated for the purpose of binding to specific targets used often in treatments ABO Blood groups- Blood groups defined by the type of antigens they have on their cell surface used to define blood compatibility groups Rh factor- and additional type of antigen on red blood cells Allergies- inappropriate and undesired immune response against a noninfectious agent Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome- the generally terminal disease associated with the destruction of the immune system from an HIV infection Human Immunodeficiency Virus- the virus associated with the disease AIDS has specific tropism for immune cells HIV Positive- term used to describe a person who is infected with the HIV virus Concepts worth being able to talk about: What are the differences between non-specific and specific immune systems. How does immunological memory work and what does it do/mean? How does our body differentiate between self and non-self? Where does the seemingly infinite diversity of antibodies come from? If immune diversity is truly infinite, then why don't we generate antibodies against ourselves? What are the main differences between B cells and T cells? How can we artificially stimulate the immune response in sick people? What is it that allows for disease in the immune system? How do immune cells respond in allergic reactions? Schematic Illustrations of Immune Response. Present the following Schematics using more illustrations than words An immune response to a viral infection using T cells mediated response An immune response to an extracellular bacterium using B cell mediated response The way a vaccine works that incorporates both humoral and cellular response and memory