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Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway Grzegorz Foryś M. Sc. Eng. Head of Road Network Diagnostic Team General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways Department of Study POLAND OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION • Climate in Poland • Adapting to Climate Change • Research programmes „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway CLIMATE IN POLAND Poland has a moderate climate with both maritime and continental elements. This is due to humid Atlantic air which collides over its territory with dry air from the Eurasian interior. In north and west Poland the climate is predominantly maritime.The eastern part of the country has distinctly continental climate. Poland receives all kinds of air masses typical of the northern hemisphere. This results in a variable climate and considerable problems with weather forecasting. „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway CLIMATE IN POLAND Poland's climate is also strongly influenced by the lowland topography of this part of Europe, stretching from France to Ukraine. Not stopped by any natural barriers, air masses move quickly from the Atlantic or North Sea. Another factor is the country's location, far from vast water bodies (the Atlantic Ocean) and close to extensive land areas (Eurasia). The Baltic Sea is a major contributor to the climate of north Poland while the southern part of the country is also affected by the Black Sea. „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway CLIMATE IN POLAND Average air temperatures in January „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway CLIMATE IN POLAND Average air temperatures in July „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway CLIMATE IN POLAND Average annual temperature in Poland „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway CLIMATE IN POLAND Precipitation /rain/ In the Carpathians and Sudetes, the annual precipitation is 8001400mm. In the lowlands and uplands, it ranges between 400mm and 750mm. The maximum precipitation is in summer. At this time of the year it is on average 2-3 times higher than in winter (in the Carpathians, as much as four times higher). The smallest seasonal differences are recorded in the coastal lowlands. „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway CLIMATE IN POLAND Precipitation /snow/ The average annual number of days with snowfall is 30-40 in the country's western and central part, and over 50 days in the north-east. It snows for 120 days a year in the Karkonosze and for 145 days in the Tatras. Snow stays the longest in the mountains (up to 200 days) and in north-west Poland (90-120 days). The western part of the country has the fewest days with snow cover (40-50). „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway CLIMATE IN POLAND Annual precipitation „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway CLIMATE IN POLAND The records of weather in the Poland • The lowest temperatures -41oC in Siedlce (in 1940) and -40.6 oC in the Zywiec Basin (in 1929). • The highest temperature, +40.2oC, was recorded near Opole in 1921. • The heaviest precipitation in Poland was recorded in June 1973 in the Tatra's Hala Gasienicowa. During one rain: 300mm of water fell. • The largest fall of temp. in 24 hours: +8/-20°C 6/7.01.1982 • The strongest wind: Śnieżka, Sudety 346 km/h 09.03.1990 „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway ACTIVITIES OF ROAD ADMINISTRATION When did the road administration dealing with climate changes issues? start GDDKiA joined to the research programme „Road Owners Adapting to Climat Change” in 2007. Actually adaptation to a changing climate is not formulate as a political goal. „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway ACTIVITIES OF ROAD ADMINISTRATION Main challenges snow? – floods? land slides? „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway ACTIVITIES OF ROAD ADMINISTRATION Main challenges snow? – floods? land slides? Main challenge - ruts… „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway ACTIVITIES OF ROAD ADMINISTRATION Main challenge - ruts… Reasons: - unadaptation projected twenty years ago constructions of the surface of roads to stepping out at present burdens; - the lack of the effective system of elimination from the trafiic of overburdened vehicles; - the increasing intensity of the car movement, resulting from the growth of freight transports mainly by cartransportation. Activities: - The yearly control of the technical condition of the pavement surface – Marking out sections for repairs; - Temporary limitations for heavy vehicles about the mass above 12 tons. „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway ACTIVITIES OF ROAD ADMINISTRATION How is the availability weather data? and quality of Weather data is the availability from The Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Quality of date is good. Road Administration co-operates with IMGW since many years. „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway RESEARCH PROGRAMMES Research programmes carried out or initiated by GDDKiA Generally, Polish Road Administration did not do alone and does not plan to do any special research programms. 2002 research study: „The Analysis of Frost Penetration of Ground in the scale of the country” Questions: - Did the change of the depth of freezing the ground happens? - Is the possibility to reduce the thickness of the frostblanket layer of the road construction? „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway RESEARCH PROGRAMMES Research programmes carried out or initiated by GDDKiA Conclusions from the above study: - the warming up of the climate is sees in the Poland the o growth of the average temperature in the pace 0,13 C on the year, - changes announce getting smaller the depth of freezing. But: - It was to many generalized foundations, - the work should be execute again in the closest time. In this aim belong: - to choose meteorological stations suitably, - to make the measurements of the profile of the temperature to the depth at least 1,5 m. „Road Owners Adapting to Climate Change”, 31.03 - 1.04.2009, Oslo, Norway ROAD NETWORK DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEMS • Pavement Condition System /SOSN/ Assessment • Shoulders & Drainage Condition Assessment System /SOPO/ • Concrete Condition System /SOSN-B/ Assessment ROAD NETWORK DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEMS Use of data Marking out sections for repairs; Help in allocation of funds for renovations; Help in allocation of maintenance of roads; funds for current Preparation of report on shoulders and drainage technical condition on national road network; Preparation of report on asphalt and concrete pavement technical condition on national road network; Contact: Grzegorz Foryś email: [email protected] tel: +48 22 811 52 69 GDDKiA Department of Study ul. Goledzinowska 10 03-301 Warszawa Poland Thank You For Your Attention