Download Honors Biology Chapter 3 Study Guide

Honors Biology Chapter 3 Study Guide
Name_________________________________________________ Period____________
Read Intro p. 33
1. Most adults in the world do not drink milk. Why?
2. Identify the type of organic molecule of each of these in the breakdown of milk:
______________lactose
________________lactase
______________DNA
Read 3.1 p. 34
1. Define: organic compounds
Define: hydrocarbons
2. Carbon is so versatile because it can form how many covalent bonds?_____
3. Draw examples of each:
Unbranched carbon chain
Isomers
Branched carbon chain
Ringed carbon skeleton
Read 3.2 p. 35
Draw the functional groups, (also identify as P=polar or NP=nonpolar), and name of its compound:
Hydroxyl group
carboxyl
Phosphate
Carbonyl
amino
methyl
Read 3.3 p. 36
1. List the four macromolecules:
2. What is the difference between a polymer and a monomer?
3. Fill in the chart with the missing information:
Dehydration reaction (synthesis)
Adds water
4. What is the purpose of enzymes?
What suffix do enzymes end in? (see p. 37)
Links two monomers
Honors Biology Study Guide 3 p. 2
Read 3.4 p. 37 Fill in the information about monosaccharides:
Macromolecule: carbohydrate
Formula of glucose (+ fructose):
How the carbon structure differ
dry or in an aqueous solution?
Monomer name:
Its 2 types of functional groups:
Purpose of carbohydrates?
Basic formula of its monomer:
Suffix of sugars:
Fig. 3.4C how do they differ?
Read 3.5 – 3.6 page 38
1. A disaccharide is made of how many monosaccharide monomers?________
2. What monomers make up these disaccharides?
Maltose
Sucrose
3. Bring in a label with a sugar on it for an extra credit point. Circle it on the label.
4. Why is HFCS used in so many foods? What is it made of? What complaints have been blamed
on HFCS? Are they justified?
Read 3.7 p. 39 Fill in the information about polysaccharides:
Polysaccharide
Made of
Helical shape of glucose chains
Uses /where found
Stored form of glucose chains in
liver and muscle cells
Cellulose
Why is starch not considered a nutrient in the human diet?
List at least 3 places chitin might be found:
Why are most carbohydrates considered hydrophilic?
Read 3.8 p. 40 Fill in the information about lipids:
Hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Triglyceride composition:
What’s a trans fat?
Two monomers of fats:
Unsaturated fatty acid:
Unsaturated fatty acid example:
Composition of a fatty acid:
Saturated fatty acid:
Saturated fatty acid example:
Honors Biology Study Guide p. 3
Read 3.9 and 3.10 p. 41
1. How do phospholipids differ than fats structurally?
2. Where are phospholipids found?
3. Look at Fig. 3.9 B and draw how the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends arranged themselves in a
cell membrane.
4. How do steroids appear structurally?
5. What is the steroid cholesterol used for?
6. What are anabolic steroids? Why would an athlete take them? What are some negative side
effects of taking anabolic steroids? YOU CAN GET AN EXTRA CREDIT POINT TO BRING IN A HALF
PAGE TYPED ABOUT AN ATHLETE WHO ABUSED ANABOLIC STEROIDS (site source).
Read 3.11 p. 42 Fill in the information about proteins:
Made of what monomers?
4 components of an amino acid
How many different amino acids
are there?
Type of bond between amino
acids
Difference between dipeptide
and polypeptide:
Why 20 amino acids make so
many different kinds of proteins:
Read 3.12 p. 43
1. SSSCDET can be remembered as seven types of proteins. Identify them and their uses:
Structural
S
S
C
D
E
Transport – receptor – built into membranes and transmit signals into cells
2. A protein’s specific shape determines its _______________________________.
3. Define: denaturation-
Honors Biology Study Guide p. 4
Read 3.13 p. 44-45 Fill in the information about protein levels of structure: (shape –examples-sketch)
Primary
Tertiary
Secondary
Quaternary
Look at figure 31.A-D:
a. What type of bonds cause the pleating of a secondary structure?__________________________
b. What groups interact to form the tertiary structure?____________________________________
c. Beta pleated sheets make up what types of proteins?___________________________________
d. A tertiary structure is held together by the interactions of R groups plus ____________________
bonding, _______________________bonding and _______________________bridges.
e. Quaternary structure consists of two or more ___________________ (polypeptide group).
Read 3.15-3.15 pp. 46-47
1. What is the unit of inheritance that determines the genetic protein structure?___________
What does DNA stand for?_____________________________________________________
What is the name of the polymer of DNA and RNA?_________________________________
What are the monomers called of nucleic acids?____________________________________
What are the three parts of a nucleotide? (make a sketch)
What are the four nitrogenous bases?______________________________________________
List three differences between DNA and RNA:
What does it mean that DNA strands are complementary?