Download BIO 142 Unit 3 Learning Objectives

NOVA – ELI BIO 142 Unit 3 Learning Objectives Upon your successful completion of this unit, you will be able to do the following. Chapter 21 – Lymphatic System 1.
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Define lymph. Describe characteristics of lymph with regards to, a. its location, b. its production, c. its content, and d. its movement into lymphatic capillaries. Describe the structure and function of lymphatic capillaries. Define lacteals. Compare lymphatic vessels and small veins. Describe the regions that are drained by the thoracic duct and by the right lymphatic duct. Using figure 21.1 and 21.3, trace the pathway of lymph from the interstitial space to the right and left subclavian veins. Lymphedema. a. Define lymphedema, and explain how it occurs. b. Give one cause of lymphedema. Red bone marrow. a. Describe the location and general function of red bone marrow. b. Name two types of lymphocytes produced in the red bone marrow. Thymus. a. State the location of thymus. b.
1 NOVA – ELI b. Describe the composition and location of Peyer’s patches. Chapter 22 – Immune System and the Body’s Defense 1. Using table 22.1, differentiate between the five major categories of infectious agents and selected diseases caused by each agent: a. Bacteria. b. viruses. c. Fungi. d. Protozoans. e. Multicellular parasites. 2. Describe prions and name a disease caused by prions. 3. Define cytokines. 4. Using Figure 22.2, compare innate and adaptive immunity. 5. Explain the role of skin and mucosal membranes as the first line of defense. 6. Name three different non-­‐specific mechanisms that serve as the second line of defense. 7. Briefly describe the role of the following four different types of cells that serve as the second line of defense: a. Neutrophils/macrophages/dendritic cells. b. Basophils/mast cells. c. Natural killer cells. d. Eosinophils. 8. Briefly describe the general function of interferons and the complement system that serve as the second line of defense. 9. Inflammation. a. Define inflammation. b. Name three methods that move leukocytes from blood into the infected tissue. c. Briefly describe one most important benefit of inflammation as the first line of defense. d. Name and briefly describe the five cardinal signs of inflammation. 10. Fever. a. Define fever. b. Name the fever-­‐inducing molecule. c. Name the control center in the brain that acts as a thermostat. d. Briefly describe the benefits and risks of a fever. 11. Name the two branches of adaptive immunity. 12. Name the immune cell involved in each branch of adaptive immunity. 13. Define an antigen. 14. Define haptens. 15. Describe how haptens become an antigen. 16. Define autoimmune disorder, and give one example of an autoimmune disease. 2 NOVA – ELI 17.
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Briefly describe the role of antigen presenting cells (APC). Name the cells that serve as APC. Define Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Name two types of MHC molecules. Name the cells that present MHC I and MHC II molecules. Using figure 22.14, identify three significant events that occur in the lifetime of a lymphocyte. Formation and selection of lymphocytes. a. State the location where lymphocytes are produced. b. State the location where lymphocytes mature. c. Using figure 22.15, briefly describe selection of T lymphocytes with regards to positive selection, negative selection, and the selective loss of either CD4 or CD8 proteins. Activation of lymphocytes. a. Using Figure 22.16, briefly describe the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, helper T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. b. Name two processes following activation. Effector response. a. Using Figure 22.17, briefly describe the effector response of helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Using Table 22.5, a. Name the five major immunoglobulin classes. b. Briefly describe the function of each class of immunoglobulins. Define immunologic memory. Name the antibodies used to measure immunologic memory. Give examples of how active and passive immunity can be acquired naturally and artificially. State which type of immunity, active or passive, would result in production of memory cells and lifelong protection against an antigen. 3