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BIO 105
Spring 2009
Review Sheet for Exam II
This sheet is designed to give you a foundation for studying. Answering these questions
should raise more questions for you. You will need to study your notes in order to do
well on the exam. Do not study only this review sheet!
1. Trace the flow of blood through the heart, pulmonary and systemic circuits.
2. List an anatomical difference between an artery and a vein. How do they differ
functionally?
3. Where does gas exchange take place?
4. List two methods by which blood is returned to the heart through the veins.
5. List the four chambers and four valves of the heart.
6. Do the pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood? What about
the pulmonary veins?
7. Briefly define cardiac cycle, systole and diastole.
8. Describe the intrinsic control of the heartbeat.
9. List the three waves of an electrocardiogram (ECG). What does each represent?
10. Is the pulse taken in an artery or a vein? Why?
11. Give an example of an acceptable blood pressure.
12. What vessels form the blood supply of the heart?
13. Briefly describe the following conditions: aneurysm, stroke and varicose veins.
14. Briefly describe the roles of the following: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and
spleen.
15. List the formed elements and the role of each. Which formed elements contain a
nucleus?
16. What is plasma?
17. What is a hematocrit and what type of information does it contain?
18. What is EPO? Relate it to blood doping.
19. List the five WBCs. Are they granulocytes or agranulocytes?
20. What is the cascade for blood clotting? Refer to Figure 6.8.
21. Describe the antigens and/or antibodies present in each blood type.
22. Briefly describe hemolytic disease of the newborn.
23. What occurs at the arterial end of a capillary? What about the venous end?
24. Define edema and relate it to the lymphatic system.
25. List the anatomical structures of the respiratory system from nose to alveolus.
26. Describe the processes of inhalation and exhalation.
27. What does the epiglottis do?
28. Describe the anatomy of the trachea.
29. How does the mucociliary escalator work?
30. How many lobes does each lung have?
31. Do bronchioles have cartilaginous support?
32. Define the four respiratory volumes.
33. Describe internal and external respiration. List two equations for each process.
34. What do water and carbon dioxide form when they combine?
35. Relate asthma to the bronchiolar anatomy.
36. How do emphysema and pneumonia affect respiration? (Hint: think in terms of
alveolar surface area.)
37. Define antibody and antigen.
38. Briefly describe the structure and function of the primary and secondary
lymphatic organs.
39. Give a few examples of nonspecific defenses.
40. List the four hallmarks of inflammation. What causes these symptoms?
41. What cells participate in specific defenses? Antibody-mediated immunity? Cellmediated immunity?
42. What do plasma cells produce?
43. Describe immune memory.
44. Name the two types of antibodies that may be transferred from mother to
fetus/newborn.
45. What are the two types of T cells? What are their roles in immunity? Why are
they called T cells?
46. Should B & T cells recognize “self”?
47. Distinguish between active and passive immunity. Give an example of each.
48. How do allergies relate to the immune system?
49. Describe an autoimmune disease. Give an example.