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redity and Genetics Heredity e passing of traits from parent to offspr Traits - physical characteristics Genetics The study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of alleles. Genes nherited factors that control traits. special section of DNA found as a sectio a chromosome. he different forms of a gene are called alle Chromosomes ructure in a cell’s nucleus that contains eredity material. (23 pairs) Gregor Mendel The father of genetics Studies the passing of traits through pea pla obability • The odds that something will happen. • Geneticist use Punnett squares to sho the possibilities of genetic outcomes Punnett Square hart that shows all of the possible combinat alleles that can result. 100/0 Male alleles = black T t = white T T T T t T T T T t female 100% black 0% white = black Male T = white female t T T T T t t T t t t 75% black 25% white = black Male t = white female T t t T t T t t t t t 50% black 50% white alleles Matching pairs of genes ere are 2 alleles(genes) for each trait e is dominant and one is recessive. ominant is written with a capital letter cessive is written with lower case letter ake 2 recessive genes for the trait to sho d only one dominant gene for the trait to ow. genotype -An organism’s genetic makeup (Combination of alleles) eterogeneous = Dd dominate and recess (hybrid) omogeneous = DD dominate and domin or rr recessive/ recessiv phenotype - An organism’s physical appeara Sex Linked Traits The female has 2 X chromosome and the male has an X and a Y chromosome he female passes a recessive gene at has no corresponding gene from the m he recessive trait will still show with only cessive gene. Pedigree Chart d by genealogists to study the inheritance ern of a trait. mily tree)