Download Name__________________ Mitosis, Meiosis Date____________

Name__________________
Mitosis, Meiosis
Miss Badean
Date____________
Mendelian Test Review
AP Biology
1.
Mitosis produces two new cells from a single existing cell. (a) Explain how the chromosome number is maintained through consecutive divisions of a single cell. (b) Multicellular organisms rely on mitosis for development and survival. Describe TWO reasons why plant and animal cells
continually undergo mitosis. (c) Discuss the events that occur when a cell has escaped from cell cycle control.
2. Which regulatory molecule(s) provide the signals at the G1
and G2 checkpoints?
B) Protein kinases
D) Tubulin
A) ATP
C) Growth factor
3. All of the following are important explanations for the
necessity of cell division EXCEPT
A) reproduction of single-celled organisms to produce two
individual organisms
B) development of a sexually reproducing organism from a
single cell
C) dilution of genetic material as a cell divides from one
generation to the next
D) replacement of cells that have been damaged or
degraded
4. During non-growth periods of the cell cycle, DNA exists as
A)
B)
C)
D)
daughter chromosomes
a single sister chromatid
newly formed sister chromatids
chromatin
5. During mitosis, DNA exists in the form of two sister
chromatids during
A) telophase
C) prophase
B) interphase
D) anaphase
6. Mitosis can produce
A) diploid cells
C) both a and b
B) somatic cells
D) a, b and c
7. Which of the following is NOT considered a phase of
mitosis?
A) Anaphase
C) Prophase
B) Cytokinesis
D) Telophase
8. Muscle cells generally remain in
A) G1
C) S
B) G2
D) telophase
9. At what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A) G0
B) G1
C) S
D) M
10. Two sister chromatids are better known as a
A) chromosome
C) chiasma
B) multichromatid
D) dihybrid
11. In mitosis, two sister chromatids are attached at the
A) centromere
C) centriole
B) centrosome
D) cristae
12. The G2 stage of cell division
A) occurs after DNA replication and prior to the
commencement of mitosis
B) is the stage of DNA synthesis during Interphase
C) is the stage before DNA replication during Interphase
D) is associated with the disappearance of the nuclear
membrane
13. During cytokinesis
A)
B)
C)
D)
genetic material is divided in the nucleus
the cytoplasm divides into two cells
chromatin condenses into chromosomes
DNA replicates
14. What would happen if a cell was inhibited during the S
phase of its cycle?
A)
B)
C)
D)
There will be a lack of DNA synthesis
Centrioles will not migrate
ATP will not be available
The plasma membrane will be destroyed
15. All of the following statements about the cell cycle are true
EXCEPT
A) The nucleus divides in mitosis
B) The cytoplasm divides during cytokinesis
C) In prophase of mitosis the chromosomes condense into
distinct rodlike structures
D) Mitosis occupies a large time segment of the total cell
cycle
16. Which of the following stages of mitosis is incorrectly
paired with its description?
A) In metaphase, the chromosomes move to and align
themselves along the spindle equator.
B) In anaphase, sister chromatid of each replicated
chromosome separate.
C) In telophase, the chromosomes migrate to opposite poles
of the cell.
D) In telophase, the chromosomes decondense into a
threadlike form.
17. Which of the following statements best describes
metastasis?
A) The division of benign tumor cells.
B) The transformation of tumor cells from benign to
malignant.
C) The alteration of blood and lymph vessels.
D) The spread of cancer cells from their original site.
Base your answers to questions 18 through 21 on the diagram below, which shows the stages occurring during mitosis, not
necessarily in the correct order.
18. At which stage does the nuclear membrane disappear?
19. At which stage is the cell in Anaphase?
20. Which letter shows cytokinesis?
21. At which stage does DNA begin the long process of condensation?
22. What happens to cells that have escaped cell cycle control?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Excessive division.
Density-dependent inhibition.
Halted division.
Decreased synthesis of cyclin.
23. Which of the following is true about both mitosis and
meiosis?
A) DNA replication only occurs once.
B) Synapsis of homologous chromosomes occurs during
prophase.
C) Genetic composition is the same throughout.
D) Sister chromatids never separate.
24. A human cell in metaphase I of meiosis can be distinguished
from a human cell in metaphase of mitosis by observing
A)
B)
C)
D)
spindle in the mitotic cell
kinetochores in the mitotic cell
separation of sister chromatids in the meiotic cell
tetrads aligning on the equatorial plate in the meiotic cell
25. Which of the following statements regarding meiosis and
mitosis is correct?
A) Meiosis produces 4 haploid cells while mitosis produces 2
diploid cells
B) Meiosis produces 4 diploid cells while mitosis
produces 2 haploid cells.
C) Prophase I of mitosis results in the formation of a
tetrad but not in prophase I of mitosis
D) Mitosis and not meiosis occurs in the gametes.
26. Which of the following occurs during meiosis I but NOT
during mitosis?
A) The chromatids of each chromosome are separated.
B) Both synapsis and crossing-over occurs.
C) The haploid number of chromosomes is changed to the
diploid number.
D) The chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.
27. In humans, what is the number of chromatids in a cell prior
to its entrance into meiosis I?
A) 92
B) 46
C) 23
D) 16
28. Base your answer to the following question on Base your answer to the following question on the diagram shown below.
This event between allels a and A on homologous chromosomes is referred to as
A) nondisjunction
B) mitosis
C) a point mutation
29. Which of the following accurately defines a difference
between mitosis and meiosis?
A) The end product of mitosis is two 2n daughter cells
with unduplicated chromosomes whereas the end
product of meiosis is four n cells with unduplicated
chromosomes.
B) The end product of mitosis is two n daughter cells with
unduplicated chromosomes whereas the end product of
meiosis is four 2n cells with unduplicated
chromosomes.
C) The end product of mitosis is two 2n daughter cells
with duplicated chromosomes whereas the end product
of meiosis is four n cells with duplicated
chromosomes.
D) The end product of mitosis is two 2n daughter cells with
duplicated chromosomes whereas the end product of
meiosis is four n cells with unduplicated chromosomes.
30. During prophase I, crossing over is responsible for
A)
B)
C)
D)
contributing to genetic diversity
the formation of tetrads
initiating the condensation of chromosomes
recombination of two sister chromatids
31. During meiosis II, interphase
A)
B)
C)
D)
is required in order for the cell to enter prophase II
is required in order for the cell to undergo cytokinesis
occurs more rapidly than in meiosis I
does not occur
32. Which of the following are human males?
I. XO
II. XY
III. XXY
A) III only
C) II and III only
B) I and II only
D) I, II and III
33. Polyploidy can result from
A)
B)
C)
D)
nondisjunction in meiosis I
nondisjunction in meiosis II
crossing-over in meiosis I
crossing-over in mitosis
D) recombination
34. During which of the following stages does nondisjunction
occur?
A) Anaphase
C) Metaphase
B) Interphase
D) Prophase
35. Base your answer to the following question on the following
information.
The somatic cells of an organism contain 20 chromosomes.
In this organism, the number of chromatids found within a sex cell
after telophase II of meiosis would be
A) 0
B) 5
C) 10
D) 20
36. In prophase I, DNA forms
A) euchromatin
C) hybrid DNA
B) histones
D) tetrads
Base your answers to questions 37 through 42 on the following
diagram depicting the amount of DNA in a cell undergoing gamete
formation.
46. Which of the following accurately describes crossing-over?
A) Genes located far apart on the chromosome have a high
likelihood of being separated by the exchange of
segments.
B) Genes located far apart on the chromosome have a low
likelihood of being separated by the exchange of
segments.
C) Genes located far apart on the chromosome cannot be
linked.
D) Crossing-over occurs during Anaphase of Mitosis.
47. During which stage of meiosis do the chromosomes have
the LEAST amount of DNA in each cell?
37. The amount of DNA in a sperm cell is equal to that present
in region
A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
38. Crossing-over occurs in region
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
39. Sister chromatid separation occurs in region
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
40. Which of the following represents the amount of DNA
present during metaphase I of meiosis?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 5
41. In which region would chromosome disjunction be
occurring?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
42. Which of the following represents the amount of DNA in
a spermatogonium?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
43. Gene mapping on chromosomes is a function of which of
the following?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Crossing-over between homolgous chromosomes
Order of chromosomes
Number of genes on a chromosome
Number of chromosomes
44. All of the following are true of meiosis EXCEPT
A) there is no DNA synthesis between the divisions
B) the result is four cells with half the number of
chromosomes of the starting cell
C) meiosis does not contribute to the genetic diversity in
A) Prophase I
C) Telophase II
48. If an organism has the genotype AaBBCCDdee, which of
the following gametes can NOT be formed via meiosis?
A) ABcDe
C) aBCDe
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 32
50. Which of the following is the site of crossover between
attached homologous chromosomes?
A) Centromeres
C) Chiasma
B) Synapsis
D) Sister chromatids
51. How many different sex cell genotypes can an organism
with genotype CcDd produce?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
52. A couple is considering having a child and would like to be
tested beforehand for any chromosomal defects. The best
method for this is
A)
B)
C)
D)
amniocentesis
bacterial transformation
gene therapy
karyotyping
53. Base your answer to the following question on the 5 lettered
headings listed below. Select the single heading that most
directly applies to the subsequent statement. Each heading
may be used once, more than once, or not at all within its
group. (A) Meiosis (B) Mitosis
(C) Both Meiosis and Mitosis
(D) Budding
(E) Binary Fission
D) fusion of two of the products of meiosis produces a
zygote
A) Tetrad formation takes place during this stage.
B) Crossing-over between non-sister chromatids occurs.
C) Synapsis of homologous chromosomes occurs during
this stage.
D) Sister chromatids separate
B) aBCde
D) ABCde
49. How many different sex cells can be produced given the
genotype WwXXYyZZ?
populations
45. Which statement is true of anaphase II of meiosis?
B) Telophase I
D) Interphase
Prokaryotes reproduce via this type of cell division
54. When there is a small difference between the observed and
expected results, which of the following is most likely true?
A)
B)
C)
D)
High chi-squared test so the hypothesis is supported
High chi-squared test so the hypothesis is rejected
Low chi-squared test so the hypothesis is supported
Low chi-squared test so the hypothesis is rejected
55. Gregor Mendel’s experiment with pea plants proved to be groundbreaking in the advancement of genetics. a.) What conclusions did he reach? b.) Today, there are many examples of heredity that do not follow Mendelian genetics. Explain when and how two genes
do not follow Mendel’s theories.
56. An organism with genotype QqRr only produces two
gamete genotypes, QR and qr. This violates which principle
of Mendelian genetics?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Codominance
Dominance
Independent Assortment
Segregation
57. Base your answer to the following question on the
information given below.
A heterozygous red-eyed female fruit fly mates with a
white-eyed male. Their offspring are one red-eyed female,
one white-eyed female and one red-eyed male.
A red-eyed female with normal wings mates with a white-eyed male
with normal wings. They have two offspring: one white-eyed
female with normal wings, one red-eyed male with vestigial wings. What are the parental genotypes?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ww Vv x ww Vv
XWXw Vv x XwY Vv
58. In fruit flies (Drosophila), vestigial wings (v) are recessive
to normal wings (V). What phenotype(s) of offspring would
you expect from the following cross, Vv x vv?
Two vestigial and two normal wings
Four normal wings
Three normal and one vestigial
Three vestigial and one normal
B) 25%
B) 1/6
C) 50%
D) 75%
C) 1/2
D) 6/7
61. Genes A, B and C are not linked. If the probability of allele
A, B and C in a gamete is each 1/2, then what is the
probability of alleles A, B, and C being in the same gamete?
A) (1/2) × (1/2) × (1/2)
C) (1/2) + (1/2 × 1/2)
B) (1/2) + (1/2) + (1/2)
D) (1/2) – (1/2 × 1/2)
62. Two parents have the genotype DdEeFf. What is the
likelihood that their offspring phenotypically express the
recessive allele for the first gene, the recessive allele for the
second gene, and the dominant allele for the third gene?
A) 3/64
B) 3/8
64. Two plants are mated and 250 offspring are phenotypically
classified. 61 plants display the recessive phenotype and
189 plants display the dominant phenotype. Assuming
classical Mendelian patterns of inheritance, what are the
most likely genotypes of the parent plants?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Heterozygous and heterozygous
Recessive and heterozygous
Recessive and homozygous dominant
Heterozygous and homozygous dominant
C) 9/16
(A) Phenotype
(B) Genotype
(C) Locus
(D) Allele
(E) Heterozygous
66. One of several varieties of a gene
60. A couple has 6 children and all of them are female. The
probability that the couple's 7th child is a male is
A) 1/7
B) AaRr × AaRR
D) AaRr × aaRr
65. The location on a chromosome where a gene is located
59. When a homozygous recessive organism is crossed with a
heterozygous dominant organism, what percent of the
progeny will be heterozygous dominant?
A) 0%
A) AaRr × AaRr
C) aaRr × AaRr
Base your answers to questions 65 through 67 on the choices below.
XWXW Vv x XwY Vv
XWXW VV x XwY vv
A)
B)
C)
D)
63. In pea plants, assume that the trait for axial flowers (A) is
dominant to terminal flowers (a), and the trait for round
seeds (R) is dominant to wrinkled seeds (r). The
probability of an offspring having axial flowers is 3/4 and
the probability of an offspring having wrinkled seeds is 1/4.
The parental genotypes are most likely represented by
which of the following genotypes?
D) 9/64
67. The condition where two inherited alleles are different
68. In sheep, eye color is controlled by a single gene with two
alleles. When a homozygous brown-eyed sheep is crossed
with a homozygous green-eyed sheep, blue-eyed offspring
are produced. If the blue-eyed sheep are mated with each
other, what percent of their offspring will most likely have
blue eyes?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
69. A woman with genotype AaBb mates with a man with
genotype AABb. Assuming independent assortment and
random recombination, what is the chance that the child will
phenotypically express the recessive allele for both genes?
A) 0/16
B) 2/16
C) 4/16
D) 8/16
70. After mapping a chromosome, a scientist find that genes Q
and R are twenty units apart, and genes R and S are eleven
units apart, and genes Q and S are thirty units apart. The
sequence on the chromosome would be
A) RSQ
B) SRQ
C) SQR
D) QSR
Base your answers to questions 71 and 72 on the following pedigree chart for a sex-linked disorder.
71. If Individual 9 marries a woman with one recessive allele, what are their chances of having a normal daughter?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
C) XnXn
D) XNXn
72. The genotype of Individual 1 is
A) nn
B) Nn
Base your answers to questions 73 and 74 on the diagram below.
73. What is the genotype of Individual 5?
A) tt
B) Tt
C) TT
D) XT Y
74. The inheritance pattern for the depicted trait is most likely
A) autosomal dominant
C) sex-linked dominant
B) polygenic
D) sex-linked recessive
75. According to Mendel, true breeding refers to which of
following?
A)
B)
C)
D)
The offspring that inherited the dominant phenotype.
A homozygous organism.
A heterozygous organism.
An organism whose pair of alleles will separate
independently during gamete formation.
76. Which of the following is used to determine an unknown
genotype of a parent?
A) Self-cross
C) Back-cross
B) Test-cross
D) Any of the above
77. Base your answer to the following question on Base your answer to this question on the diagram below.
What is the genotype of the father of Individual 2?
A) It can be either Ee or EE.
C) It must be EE.
B) It must be Ee.
D) It can either be Ee or ee.
78. Four genes on a chromosome C are mapped and their
crossover frequencies were determined. Genes Crossover Frequency
K and J 10
J and M 15
M and L 20
J and L 35
K and L 45
Which of the following represents the relative locations of
these 4 genes on chromosome C?
A) KJML B) KMLJ C) JMLK D) LJMK
79. Which of the following is true regarding the genetic cross
called a testcross?
A) One organism has a dominant phenotype and the other
has the homozygous recessive phenotype.
B) One organism has the heterozygous dominant
phenotype and the other has the homozygous dominant
phenotype.
C) Both organisms are thought to possess the recessive
phenotype to ensure the recessive nature of the allele
in question.
D) The phenotypes of both organisms being tested are
unknown.
80. A sample of a child’s cheek cells was found to have a high
number of dysfunctional mitochondria. Evidence of this
condition should also be sought in cells from the child’s
A) paternal grandmother B) father
C) mother
D) male cousins
81. If blond hair, green eyes, and freckles were consistently
inherited together, the best explanation would be that
A) these traits are dominant to others
B) these traits are codominant
C) the genes for these traits are linked on the same
chromosome
D) a genetic mutation occurred
Base your answers to questions 82 through 84 on the following
information.
A female rabbit with a bushy tail and white coat is crossed with a
long-tailed male with a brown coat. Their offspring are 5 long-tails
with brown coats, 4 bushy-tails with white coats, 2 long-tails with
white coats, and 1 bushy-tail with brown coat.
82. Given the following relative distances, what is the sequence
of genes on a chromosome containing the genes in the
above description?
B and T 38
B and C 13
C and E 7
E and B 20
A) BTEC B) CBET C) ECTB D) TECB
83. What does the crossover frequency of these two genes
indicate?
A)
B)
C)
D)
These genes cooperate to control a polygenic trait.
These genes are linked
Recombination will occur between these genes.
The gene loci segregate independently
84. What is the crossover frequency of these two genes?
A) 8.3%
B) 12.5% C) 25%
D) 75%
85. When a red snapdragon is crossed with a white snapdragon,
the resulting F1 hybrids are pink. Which of the following
terms best describes this phenomenon?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Incomplete dominance
Pleiotropy
Codominance
Epitasis
86. Blood types are an example of
A)
B)
C)
D)
Multiple alleles
Sex-linked traits
Recessive traits
Incomplete dominance
87. If a mother and her child belong to blood group AB, which
blood group could the father NOT belong to?
A) AB
C) O
B) A
D) Both B and C
88. A man with type O blood marries a woman heterozygous for
type A blood. If they have 4 children together, how many
children would be expected to have type O blood?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
89. A particular flower inherits color via incomplete dominance.
A cross between a homozygous blue flower (BB) and a
homozygous red flower (RR) yields 100% purple flowers.
If a cross between a purple flower and a red flower is
performed, what percentage of the progeny will be purple
flowers?
A) 0%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
90. A couple has two boys and two girls. If half of their sons are
hemophiliacs and the father is normal, the mother must be
A)
B)
C)
D)
normal
a carrier
a hemophiliac
either a carrier or a hemophiliac
91. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait. If a man and a
woman produce a son who has hemophilia, what must be
true?
A)
B)
C)
D)
The mother carries an allele for hemophilia.
The father carries an allele for hemophilia.
The mother has hemophilia.
Both parents have hemophilia.
92. If a Drosophila melanogaster female who expresses a
sex-linked recessive trait is mated with a wildtype D.
melanogaster male, which of the following is expected to
occur?
A) 100% of the males will express the trait and 0% of the
females will express the trait.
B) 50% of the males will express the trait and 50% of the
females will express the trait.
C) 0% of the males will express the trait and 100% of the
females will express the trait.
D) 0% of the males and 0% of the females will express
the trait.
93. In humans, hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive trait. If two
parents produce a son with hemophilia, which of the
following statements must be true?
A)
B)
C)
D)
The mother carries the allele for hemophilia
The mother has hemophilia
The father carries the allele for hemophilia
Both parents carry the allele for hemophilia
94. The human condition of colorblindness is
A)
B)
C)
D)
more common in males
expressed by a heterozygous genotype in females
inherited by males from their fathers
produced by a homozygous genotype in males
95. One of the main differences between eukaryotic and
prokaryotic DNA is
A)
B)
C)
D)
Prokaryotes do not have DNA
Prokaryotic DNA can only be single stranded
Prokaryotic DNA is coiled in a single ring
Prokaryotic DNA cannot be cloned
Answer Key
Mitosis, Meiosis, Mendelian
1.
2.
B
3.
C
4.
D
5.
C
6.
D
7.
B
8.
A
9.
C
10.
A
11.
A
12.
A
13.
B
14.
A
15.
D
16.
C
17.
D
18.
D
19.
B
20.
E
21.
A
41.
C
81.
C
42.
B
82.
D
43.
A
83.
B
44.
C
84.
B
45.
D
85.
A
46.
A
86.
A
47.
C
87.
C
48.
A
88.
B
49.
B
89.
B
50.
C
90.
B
51.
B
91.
A
52.
D
92.
A
93.
A
94.
A
95.
C
53.
E
54.
55.
C
(essay)
56.
C
57.
B
58.
A
59.
C
60.
C
61.
A
62.
A
22.
A
63.
A
23.
A
64.
A
24.
D
65.
C
25.
A
66.
26.
B
D
27.
A
67.
E
28.
D
29.
D
30.
A
31.
D
32.
C
33.
A
34.
A
35.
C
36.
D
37.
D
38.
A
39.
D
40.
B
68.
B
69.
A
70.
B
71.
B
72.
D
73.
B
74.
A
75.
B
76.
B
77.
B
78.
A
79.
A
80.
C
Answer Key
Mitosis, Meiosis, Mendelian
55.
a.) Mendel developed two laws: the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment. The first law
states that two alleles for a trait are segregated into separate gametes. The second law states that pairs of alleles
segregate independently of other pairs during gamete production.
b.) When two genes are linked, which means they are located relatively close together on a single chromosome,
they do not segregate. During meiosis, chromosomes separate into separate gametes, but alleles on the same
chromosome have the ability to segregate as one unit. When crossing over exists, which commonly occurs,
especially as the distance between two alleles increases, the alleles segregate independently, following
Mendel’s principles of inheritance.