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Transcript
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System The Heart Roughly the size of a person’s closed fist Full size at about age 25 Tall, thin individuals tend to have a long heart and short, stocky individuals tend to have a wide heart. Coverings of the Heart Covered by a sac called the pericardium Fibrous Pericardium – tough, loose-fitting, and inelastic Serous Pericardium – has two layers 1. Parietal layer – lines fibrous pericardium 2. Visceral layer (epicardium) – adheres to the outside of the heart. Functions of the Heart Coverings Between the parietal and visceral layer is the pericardial space, which contains pericardial fluid Fluid protects against friction when the heart beats Structure of the Heart 3 layers of tissue Epicardium – same as the visceral pericardium Myocardium – Thick muscular layer Endocardium – lining of the interior myocardial wall. External Anatomy of the Heart Anterior View External Anatomy of the Heart Posterior View Chambers of the Heart Divided into 4 cavities 2 Atria (left and right) Upper chambers Receive blood from veins Myocardial wall is thin 2 Ventricles (left and right) Lower chambers Receive blood from the atria Myocardial walls are thick for pumping Chambers of the Heart (Frontal Plane) Valves of the Heart Permit the flow of blood in one direction Four sets of valves 2 Atrioventricular (AV) Valves – guard the openings between the atria and ventricles (cusp valves) Tricuspid valve Bicuspid valve (mitral valve) 2 Semilunar (SL) Valves – located where the pulmonary artery and aorta arise from the right and left ventricles respectively Chambers and Valves of the Heart Mitral Valve Prolapse Skeleton of the Heart Structure of Heart Valves Flow of Blood Through the Heart Blood Supply of Heart Tissue Coronary Arteries – The right and left coronary arteries are the first branches off of the aorta. Anastomosis – one or more braches from the proximal part of the artery to a more distal portion Cardiac Veins – after blood passes through capillaries in the myocardium it enters a series of cardiac veins that drain into the right atrium Coronary Arteries and Veins Myocardial Infarction (MI) Coronary Bypass Surgery