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Transcript
CardiovascularObjectives: System 1. Identify Chapter 13 structures and functions of the cardiovascular system. 2. Trace the flow of blood through the body. Coverings of the Heart • Pericardium: (?) 1. Visceral (?)pericardium (“epicardium”(?)) – Innermost layer – Covers the heart 2. Parietal (?)pericardium – Outer layer of visceral pericardium – Forms inner lining of fibrous pericardium 3. Fibrous (?)pericardium – Dense connective tissue attached to central portion of diaphragm, posterior of sternum, vertebral column, and large blood vessels attached to heart Pericardial Cavity • Space between parietal and visceral pericardium layers • Filled with serous fluid to reduce friction between the membranes as the heart moves Wall of the Heart 1. Epicardium – Outer layer – Corresponds to visceral pericardium – Protects heart by reducing friction 2. Myocardium – Thick, middle layer – Consists mostly of cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers 3. Endocardium – Inner layer – Epithelium and connective tissue Heart Chambers & Valves • ???? • Four hollow chambers: – Upper chambers = atria (atrium) – Lower chambers = ventricles • Atria – Thin walls – Receive blood returning to the heart • Ventricles – Receive blood from the atria – Contract to force blood out of the heart into the arteries Heart Chambers & Valves, continued….. • Left atrium and ventricle are separated from the right atrium and ventricle by a solid, wall-like septum. • Atrioventricular valve – separates ??? – Tricuspid valve • on the right • “3 cusps” – Bicuspid valve (“mitral valve”) • on the left • “2 cusps” – Allows blood to flow ONLY from atrium to ventricular – no backflow Heart Chambers & Valves, continued….. • Right atrium receives blood from: – Superior vena cava (???) – Inferior vena cava (???) – Coronary sinus – small vein that drains blood from the myocardium • Right ventricle – Thinner muscular wall than the left ventricle – Only has to pump blood to the lungs • Blood leaves the ventricle through the pulmonary valve, and enters the pulmonary trunk, which divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries. Heart Chambers & Valves, continued….. • Left atrium receives blood from the lungs through 4 pulmonary veins. • Blood leaves the left ventricle through the aortic valve, into the aorta. • Ventricular wall is thicker – has to pump blood to the rest of the body Sketch & Label the Valves Label the Exterior Heart