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1 RSPT 1207 – Cardiopulmonary A & P The Cardiovascular System Anatomy of the Heart Lecture Notes Reference & Reading: Egan’s Chapter 9 I. The Heart a. Is a hollow, muscular organ b. Located behind the sternum, approximately 2/3 of the heart is lies to the left of the sternum c. Sulci Coronary sulcus Anterior & posterior sulci II. Pericardium a. Parietal pericardium b. Visceral pericardium c. Pericardial fluid d. Pericarditis III. Heart wall – Three layers: a. Outer epicardium b. Middle myocardium c. Inner endocardium IV. Support of the heart a. Provided by four AV rings b. Anuli fibrosi cordis 2 V. The Atria a. Interatrial septum b. Right atrium c. Auricle VI. The Ventricles a. Make up bulk of heart’s muscle mass b. Do most of the pumping involved in circulation c. L ventricle d. R ventricle e. Left ventricular aid f. Interventricular septum VII. AV valves of the Heart a. AV valves located between atria & ventricles Tricuspid valve Bicuspid (mitral) valve AV valves close on contraction of the ventricles (systole) preventing backflow into the atria AV valves are connected to papillary muscle of the endocardium by chordate tnedineae cordis – any damage to either can impair function of the AV valves b. Common valve problems Regurgitation Stenosis VIII. Semilunar Valves a. Pulmonary valve b. Aortic Valve 3 IX. Coronary Circulation a. Coronary arteries Left coronary artery divides into 2 braches 1. Anterior desecending brach 2. Circumflex branch Right coronary artery - begins at the aorta and diagonally to R across the coronary sulcus; moves along right ventricle into many branches 1. Posterior Descending branch 2. Branches of R coronary artery supply: a. Anterior & posterior portions of ventricular myocardium b. R atrium c. Sinus node d. Posterior third of interventricular septum e. Par of base of R ventricle Coronay Veins 1. Coronary Sinus 2. Thebesian veins X. Properties of Heart Muscle a. Excitability b. Inherent rhythmicity (automatic) Comes from specialized tissues mainly pacemaker or nodal tissue Electrical impulse from other than pacemaker tissue may result in cardiac arrthymias c. Conductivity Like smooth muscle to move involuntarily Variances in impulses to ensure synchronization of cardiac chambers d. Contractility – primary function of myocardium when responding to an impulse Refractory period