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Transcript
Carl Christensen, PhD Chap. 18 - Endocrine System Bio. 2304 Human Anatomy 1. Give 5 examples of hormones that are amino acid or protein based. How does this type of hormone have an effect on its target cell? 2. Give 5 examples of hormones that are cholesterol or steroid based. How does this type of hormone have an effect on its target cell? 3. What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands? Give an example of each. 4. Name 3 glands that are both endocrine & exocrine. For each give the endocrine and exocrine products. Gland Endocrine Product(s) (hormones) Exocrine product 5. Define tropic and nontropic: 6. List the 3 nontropic hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland and give the target organ or target cell for each. Nontropic Hormones produced by Ant. Pit. Gland Target Organ/Cell 1 7. List the 4 tropic hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland, give the target gland for each, and give the hormone(s) produced by the target in response to the tropic hormone. Tropic hormones produced by Ant. Pit. Target Gland Hormones produced by target 8. What gland produces melatonin? What is the function of melatonin? 9. Name 4 major hormones that control blood calcium levels. What gland or organ produces each hormone? What is the main target cell of each hormone? What is the specific action of each hormone (do they make calcium levels go up or down)? Make sure you know how a hormone regulates blood calcium levels (action) and what turns on the gland (trigger – hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia). Hormone Gland or Organ that produces hormone Target Cell of Hormone Action (specifically how does the hormone work on the target?) Trigger (hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia) Calcitonin Parathyroid Hormone Calcitriol Estrogen 2 10. Name 2 major hormones that control blood glucose levels. What gland produces each hormone? What is the specific action of each hormone (do they make glucose levels go up or down and how do they do it)? What turns on the gland (trigger – hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia)? Hormone Gland that produces hormone Action (specifically how does the hormone work on the target?) Trigger (hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia) 11. Name 2 major hormones that control homeostasis of water and urine volume. What gland produces each hormone? What is the specific action of each hormone at each target. Do these hormones increase or decrease urine volume? Do they increase or decrease blood pressure? Hormone Gland that produces hormone (be specific!) Target Cell/Organ of Hormone Action (specifically how does the hormone work on the target?) Urine Volume? Blood pressure? 12. a. Give an example of a gland that receives neural stimulation. b. What hormone is produced in response to this stimulation? c. This hormone has a role in what nervous system response? 3 13. Name 3 adrenal cortex hormones & give a brief action (function) for each. Adrenal Cortex Hormone Function What kind of stimulation does the adrenal cortex receive? (hormonal, humoral, or neural) 14. a. What 2 hormones are stored by the posterior pituitary gland? b. What gland produces these hormones? 15. What hormone induces labor? What is the name of its synthetic? 16. a. What gland & hormone is an important source of estrogen for postmenopausal women? b. Why does estrogen continue to be important to a postmenopausal woman? (She’s not having any more babies, why does she need it?) 17. Match the following characteristics to Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes. a. Type I b. Type II Maturity Onset Diabetes autoimmune disease insulin injections required controlled by diet and exercise Juvenile Diabetes completely insulin deficient insulin levels normal, but receptors on cells become less sensitive 4 18. What 2 hormones are produced by the thyroid gland? Give a brief action (function) for each. Hormone Function 20. a. What element is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone? b. In short, what is a goiter? c. What gland and hormone control secretion of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland? d. Do goiters involve hyposecretion or hypersecretion of thyroid hormone? e. How was this problem solved in the U.S. and many other countries? 5