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Classical and Operant Conditioning
* J.B. Watson – Father of Behaviourism –
discovered that humans and animals can
learn
Involuntary reflexive responses
* Remember the Little Albert Experiment?
What are involuntary
responses?
*Stimulus: Anything that evokes a specific reaction
*Response: A reaction to stimulus
Pavlov’s Dogs
The Office: http://www.teachertube.com/video/the-officeconditioning-247611
Seabiscuit: http://www.flickclip.com/flicks/seabiscuit.html
What are some real life examples of Classical
Conditioning?
* Identify the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response,
neutral stimulus, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response
for the real life interactions:
McDonalds
Example Name: _______________
Hungry
Fast Food Unconditioned Response:_______
Unconditioned stimulus:________
Neutral Stimulus: _______________
McDonald’s Golden Arches
Hungry for
Golden Arches Conditioned Response:_______
Conditioned Stimulus: ___________
Fast Food
when
viewing the
golden
arches
* B.F. Skinner Discovered that Voluntary Behaviour
is
strengthened or weakened by positive or negative consequences
* Behaviour can be changed through Reinforcement and
Punishment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIEt6TrjJXw
* Skinner was able to change the behaviour of pigeons
and rats using reinforcement and punishment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHA
* Positive Reinforcement: When something good is added to
encourage behaviour
* Negative Reinforcement: When something bad is taken away to
encourage behaviour
* Positive Punishment: When something bad is added to discourage
behaviour
* Negative Punishment: When something good is taken away to
discourage behaviour
What are examples of Positive Reinforcement? Positive Punishments?
Negative Reinforcement? Negative Punishments?
Which type do you think is most effective for learning?
It has been scientifically proven that Positive Reinforcement is the most
effective method
Big Bang Theory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mt4N9GSBoMI
* The consistency and significance of the reinforcer and
punishment influence the level of the resulting behaviour.
* Extinction: When the behaviour gradually stops because
the reinforcement for the behaviour has stopped.
V oluntary
O perant,
I
nvoluntary
C lassical
E
Voice Changed
My
Life!
Review Questions:
* What kind of responses does Classical Conditioning deal
with? Voluntary or involuntary?
* What is a conditioned stimulus?
* Taking away homework to encourage listening in class is an
example of what? What type of conditioning?
* Pavlov’s dogs are not given food when the bell sounds for a
long period of time, they gradually stop salivating at the
sound of the bell. What is this process called?
* What does VOICE stand for?
* Who’s doors are these?