
Zidane in Tartarus - UWS ResearchDirect
... collective is solidified around Durkheimian feelings of collective effervescence, while the latter is conceptualised as a heterogeneous, metaphorical construction through which the very foundation of social myths may be examined, challenged and revised. Such an understanding moves beyond the popular ...
... collective is solidified around Durkheimian feelings of collective effervescence, while the latter is conceptualised as a heterogeneous, metaphorical construction through which the very foundation of social myths may be examined, challenged and revised. Such an understanding moves beyond the popular ...
Pain assessment in small animals
... nociceptors are recruited in undamaged tissue causing a more intense and more prolonged pain response. The result is a larger area that feels pain and a massive intensification of pain, which is very difficult to control. Activation of the N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor in the spinal cord, is a ...
... nociceptors are recruited in undamaged tissue causing a more intense and more prolonged pain response. The result is a larger area that feels pain and a massive intensification of pain, which is very difficult to control. Activation of the N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor in the spinal cord, is a ...
Guilt for Non
... If foreseen guilt prevents harm and absence of harm prevents possible retaliation and/or loss of reputation, then it would seem that a priori guilt would be evolutionarily advantageous. A posteriori guilt, on the other hand, would be evolutionarily advantageous because conducive to increased amount/ ...
... If foreseen guilt prevents harm and absence of harm prevents possible retaliation and/or loss of reputation, then it would seem that a priori guilt would be evolutionarily advantageous. A posteriori guilt, on the other hand, would be evolutionarily advantageous because conducive to increased amount/ ...
The communicative relationship between human and dog
... will discuss different types of social communicative signals used by domestic dogs and the ability of humans to interpret these signals correctly in the next chapter. In the third chapter I will discuss the ability of dogs to understand human communication. Communication between domestic dogs and h ...
... will discuss different types of social communicative signals used by domestic dogs and the ability of humans to interpret these signals correctly in the next chapter. In the third chapter I will discuss the ability of dogs to understand human communication. Communication between domestic dogs and h ...
Untitled - sikkim university library
... His research is interdisciplinary in nature and explores the ambiguous status of non-humans in the social sciences and other modern knowledge-practices. This often leads him to focus on exploring the constitution of ‘the social’ within material, ecological and interspecies relations, networks and fl ...
... His research is interdisciplinary in nature and explores the ambiguous status of non-humans in the social sciences and other modern knowledge-practices. This often leads him to focus on exploring the constitution of ‘the social’ within material, ecological and interspecies relations, networks and fl ...
State Anxiety.
... State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). An objective self-report measure assessing both state anxiety and trait anxiety. Individuals can receive a score for both their current level of anxiety and their persistent level of anxiety. ...
... State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). An objective self-report measure assessing both state anxiety and trait anxiety. Individuals can receive a score for both their current level of anxiety and their persistent level of anxiety. ...
Phylum Arthropoda (Jointed Animals)
... General Characteristics Exoskeleton Exoskeleton secreted by epidermal cells. Outermost layer (epicuticle) usually waxy, made of lipoprotein layer, underlain with layers of lipids. Advantage: epicuticle is impermeable to water – so water loss minimized through body surface. Disadvantage: body surface ...
... General Characteristics Exoskeleton Exoskeleton secreted by epidermal cells. Outermost layer (epicuticle) usually waxy, made of lipoprotein layer, underlain with layers of lipids. Advantage: epicuticle is impermeable to water – so water loss minimized through body surface. Disadvantage: body surface ...
Dry pitfall trapping for vertebrates and invertebrates
... If an animal is seriously injured, refer to the flowchart in SOP 15.1 Humane killing of animals under field conditions in wildlife management to make the decision on whether or not to euthanase or seek veterinary care. ...
... If an animal is seriously injured, refer to the flowchart in SOP 15.1 Humane killing of animals under field conditions in wildlife management to make the decision on whether or not to euthanase or seek veterinary care. ...
Negative learning bias is associated with risk aversion in
... downshift sessions, they were also more accurate than WT rats on the forced-choice trials. These two observations might be causally related since there was a positive relationship between forced-choice accuracy and negative learning bias. Accordingly, since errors also involve unexpected decreases ( ...
... downshift sessions, they were also more accurate than WT rats on the forced-choice trials. These two observations might be causally related since there was a positive relationship between forced-choice accuracy and negative learning bias. Accordingly, since errors also involve unexpected decreases ( ...
Annual Pavlovian Society Meeting ~ Sept 1820, 2014 Hilton Seattle
... the speed of emergence, vigor and form of conditioned behavior. The speed with which both excitatory and inhibitory learning emerges is proportional to the temporal informativeness of the predictive cue (CS). In excitatory learning the informativeness depends on the reduction in the average time to ...
... the speed of emergence, vigor and form of conditioned behavior. The speed with which both excitatory and inhibitory learning emerges is proportional to the temporal informativeness of the predictive cue (CS). In excitatory learning the informativeness depends on the reduction in the average time to ...
Roof Rat Control around Homes and Other Structures
... a single night to find their survival resources. They prefer to nest in secluded areas above ground in such places as attics, soffits, overhead garage storage, in the vine cover of fences or buildings, and in wood piles or other stored materials where harborage can be found. They favor dense non-dec ...
... a single night to find their survival resources. They prefer to nest in secluded areas above ground in such places as attics, soffits, overhead garage storage, in the vine cover of fences or buildings, and in wood piles or other stored materials where harborage can be found. They favor dense non-dec ...
CONSTRUCTIVE JOURNALISM: THE EFFECTS OF POSITIVE
... story felt better, had more favorable attitudes toward the story, and reported stronger intentions to engage in some pro-social behaviors than those who experienced negative emotions while reading a new story. Study 2 examined the impact of solution information in news stories and ...
... story felt better, had more favorable attitudes toward the story, and reported stronger intentions to engage in some pro-social behaviors than those who experienced negative emotions while reading a new story. Study 2 examined the impact of solution information in news stories and ...
OIMB GK12 CURRICULUM Between the Grains
... explain why they are worm-shaped and hairy or spiny. Assessment: Have students tell you what type of animal they have made (meiofauna), where it lives (between grains of sand), and why it is shaped the way it is (e.g. slender to move between grains, suctions or spikes to keep from being washed away) ...
... explain why they are worm-shaped and hairy or spiny. Assessment: Have students tell you what type of animal they have made (meiofauna), where it lives (between grains of sand), and why it is shaped the way it is (e.g. slender to move between grains, suctions or spikes to keep from being washed away) ...
Apes with a Moral Code? Primatology, Moral Sentimentalism, and
... In a later scene, for example, Caesar witnesses an angry neighbor accost his human “grandfather,” Charles Rodman, who suffers from Alzheimer’s and has mistakenly entered, and damaged, the neighbor’s car. Caesar perceives one of his caretakers to be in danger, cannot control his anger, and brutally, ...
... In a later scene, for example, Caesar witnesses an angry neighbor accost his human “grandfather,” Charles Rodman, who suffers from Alzheimer’s and has mistakenly entered, and damaged, the neighbor’s car. Caesar perceives one of his caretakers to be in danger, cannot control his anger, and brutally, ...
The importance non-verbal communication in diagnostic
... non-verbal communication (Wallbott, 2001) should allow for these findings to be more strongly implemented in the assessments. One example would be to use it as a indicator of the client’s willingness to co-operate, which is an important criterion for assessing the usability of the diagnostic data ga ...
... non-verbal communication (Wallbott, 2001) should allow for these findings to be more strongly implemented in the assessments. One example would be to use it as a indicator of the client’s willingness to co-operate, which is an important criterion for assessing the usability of the diagnostic data ga ...
Spontaneous recovery after reversal and partial
... spontaneous recovery procedure was used in which two stimuli were tested in the same session which followed a delay of either 1 week or 1 hour after the most recent treatment. In Experiment 6 care was taken to insure similar levels of performance to a partially and continuously reinforced stimulus p ...
... spontaneous recovery procedure was used in which two stimuli were tested in the same session which followed a delay of either 1 week or 1 hour after the most recent treatment. In Experiment 6 care was taken to insure similar levels of performance to a partially and continuously reinforced stimulus p ...
The Noncoelomate Animals
... heterotrophs and depend directly or indirectly on plants, photosynthetic protists (algae), or autotrophic bacteria for nourishment. Animals are able to move from place to place in search of food. In most, ingestion of food is followed by digestion in an internal cavity. Multicellular Heterotrophs. A ...
... heterotrophs and depend directly or indirectly on plants, photosynthetic protists (algae), or autotrophic bacteria for nourishment. Animals are able to move from place to place in search of food. In most, ingestion of food is followed by digestion in an internal cavity. Multicellular Heterotrophs. A ...
Phylum Echinodermata - Austin Community College
... exchange respiratory gasses get rid of ammonia (N-wastes) the same functions are also shared by tube feet in most groups Circulation echinoderms rely mainly on coelomic circulation for transport of gasses and nutrients Animals: Phylum Echinodermata; Ziser Lecture Notes 2008 ...
... exchange respiratory gasses get rid of ammonia (N-wastes) the same functions are also shared by tube feet in most groups Circulation echinoderms rely mainly on coelomic circulation for transport of gasses and nutrients Animals: Phylum Echinodermata; Ziser Lecture Notes 2008 ...
Please Highlight this Area and Add your Main Title
... These results are consistent with prior studies that have shown that WKY rats are responsive to other drugs of abuse (e.g., alcohol; Cailhol and Morméde, 2001). ...
... These results are consistent with prior studies that have shown that WKY rats are responsive to other drugs of abuse (e.g., alcohol; Cailhol and Morméde, 2001). ...
Elicited Behavior and Classical Conditioning
... will take longer for its pairing with an unconditioned stimulus to form a connection for you. – Conditioning is facilitated when people are already aware of the connection between the CS and the UCS. When people are informed of the conditioning procedure prior to its beginning, they will be ...
... will take longer for its pairing with an unconditioned stimulus to form a connection for you. – Conditioning is facilitated when people are already aware of the connection between the CS and the UCS. When people are informed of the conditioning procedure prior to its beginning, they will be ...
Coelomates
... • Many animals have at least one larval stage • A larva is sexually immature and morphologically distinct from the adult; it eventually undergoes metamorphosis ...
... • Many animals have at least one larval stage • A larva is sexually immature and morphologically distinct from the adult; it eventually undergoes metamorphosis ...
Book 7x10 - Template - version_15
... without a sympathetic basis would be less likely to occur again in the future when it is not in the self-interest of the individual (Trivers, 1971). That is, when help is motivated by self-interest (e.g. conscious concerns of reciprocity) the donor may not perform future acts of altruism when they a ...
... without a sympathetic basis would be less likely to occur again in the future when it is not in the self-interest of the individual (Trivers, 1971). That is, when help is motivated by self-interest (e.g. conscious concerns of reciprocity) the donor may not perform future acts of altruism when they a ...
Mirror Neurons, Embodied Simulation, and the Neural Basis of
... but also when it just hears the sound typically produced by the same action. These neurons respond to the sound of actions and discriminate between the sounds of different actions, but do not respond to other similarly interesting sounds such as arousing noises, or monkeys’ and other animals’ vocali ...
... but also when it just hears the sound typically produced by the same action. These neurons respond to the sound of actions and discriminate between the sounds of different actions, but do not respond to other similarly interesting sounds such as arousing noises, or monkeys’ and other animals’ vocali ...
The Naked Mole-Rat: A New Long-Living Model for Human Aging
... longer than predicted allometrically (4,5). To date we do not know why humans, and a few other long-living mammals, are outliers on the allometric relationship between body mass and MLSP (4,5), nor do we have a good understanding of the mechanisms involved in determining life span, and why some mamm ...
... longer than predicted allometrically (4,5). To date we do not know why humans, and a few other long-living mammals, are outliers on the allometric relationship between body mass and MLSP (4,5), nor do we have a good understanding of the mechanisms involved in determining life span, and why some mamm ...
Emotion in animals

Emotions in animals are the subjective feelings and emotions experienced by nonhuman animals. Emotions may be described as subjective, conscious experiences characterized primarily by psychophysiological expressions, biological reactions, and mental states.Charles Darwin was one of the first scientists to write about the existence and nature of emotions in nonhuman animals. His observational and sometimes anecdotal approach has developed into a more robust, hypothesis-driven, scientific approach. General hypotheses relating to correlates between humans and non-human animals also support the claim that non-human animals may feel emotions and that human emotions evolved from the same mechanisms. Several tests, such as cognitive bias tests and learned helplessness models, have been developed. Cognitive biases (feelings of optimism or pessimism) have been shown in a wide range of species including rats, dogs, cats, rhesus macaques, sheep, chicks, starlings, pigs and honeybees.Some behaviourists claim stimulus–response models provide a sufficient explanation for animal behaviours that have been described as emotional, and that it is unnecessary to postulate that animals are conscious. Other behaviourists further question whether animals feel emotions on the grounds that emotions aren't universal even among humans, that interpretations of animal behaviour are anthropomorphic, and that definitions of emotions lack robustness.