• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
feralcatfactsheet | 382.75 KB
feralcatfactsheet | 382.75 KB

... presented in pea-sized hard-shelled pellets or through the normal activity of grooming, behaviours that may be exploited for cat control. ...
Feral cats
Feral cats

... presented in pea-sized hard-shelled pellets or through the normal activity of grooming, behaviours that may be exploited for cat control. ...
3 Pavlovian conditioning - s-f
3 Pavlovian conditioning - s-f

... between the animal and its environment than is afforded by the inborn reflexes alone’ (1927, p. 16). The obvious examples of the evolutionary advantages of this were given by the ability of arbitrary and distant stimuli to evoke ‘the reflex of seeking food’, and also ‘the reflex of self-defence’, wh ...
Chapter 32(Introduction to Animal Diversity)
Chapter 32(Introduction to Animal Diversity)

... • Many animals have at least one larval stage • A larva is sexually immature and morphologically distinct from the adult; it eventually undergoes metamorphosis ...
Exploring the Animal Turn: Human-animal relations in Science
Exploring the Animal Turn: Human-animal relations in Science

... arguments to these wildlife crimes, Sollund accentuates the relevance of his discussion and concludes with a suggestion of steps to be taken to improve the legislative situation of nonhuman animals. If the ongoing mass death of honey bees, known as the “colony collapse disorder,” should be labelled ...
spider monkey fact sheet - World Animal Foundation
spider monkey fact sheet - World Animal Foundation

... Spider monkeys mate year round. The female monkey chooses a male from her group with whom to mate. Both male and female spider monkeys sniff their mates to check their readiness for copulation. This process is known as “anogenital sniffing.” On average, only one offspring at a time is produced from ...
thinking chickens
thinking chickens

... results have been found in studies involving hens, showing that both chicks and adult chickens can remember the “where” and “what” components of information about food.40 While compelling evidence certainly exists for episodic memory in chickens, additional research with chickens in natural settings ...
Ch. 11 Notes
Ch. 11 Notes

... LS Ch. 11 Notes ...
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN OCTOPUS VULGARIS
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN OCTOPUS VULGARIS

... mean of 80.0 ± 7.4% in LD conditions. Octopus 4 did not show an activity preference for a particular light condition. The same frequencies of activity were found in all phases of the LD cycle. Behavioral Responses to Constant Conditions DD The amounts of activity were slightly lower in constant ligh ...
video slide
video slide

... Archenteron ...
Chapter 24 - Bellbrook
Chapter 24 - Bellbrook

... were classified into two kingdoms—Animalia (animals) and Plantae (plants). In 1866, Ernst Haeckel, a German scientist, proposed adding a third kingdom called Protista. The organisms in this kingdom are mainly unicellular eukaryotes. Some protists have cell walls, while others do not, making them nei ...
Introduction to Invertebrates
Introduction to Invertebrates

... IntroductionChapter to ...
Chapter 32
Chapter 32

... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: the quest for a
The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: the quest for a

... As humans, we implicitly ‘know’ that all human beings have four limbs, walk in a certain way, act and think in special ways. If we share the same culture, we will, for example, all tattoo our body in a special striped fashion, pierce different parts of our body, or wear the same striped scarf when a ...
College Biology - Problem Drill 15: The Evolution of Animal Diversity
College Biology - Problem Drill 15: The Evolution of Animal Diversity

... sophistication and resembled acoelomates. All surviving animals today can be traced back to their ancestors to this time period. Development of hard body parts, such as teeth, resulted in a more sophisticated diet for both predator and prey. Hard body parts were easily identified from fossil records ...
AP Biology - Problem Drill 16: The Evolution of Animal Diversity
AP Biology - Problem Drill 16: The Evolution of Animal Diversity

... sophistication and resembled acoelomates. All surviving animals today can be traced back to their ancestors to this time period. Development of hard body parts, such as teeth, resulted in a more sophisticated diet for both predator and prey. Hard body parts were easily identified from fossil records ...
Chapter 31
Chapter 31

... If you ask biologists why they study animals, the first answer they’ll give is, “Because they’re fascinating.” It’s hard to argue with this statement. Consider ants. Ants live in colonies that routinely number millions of individuals. But colony-mates cooperate so closely in tasks such as food-getti ...
Introduction to Invertebrates
Introduction to Invertebrates

... (Figure 1.7 and Figure 1.8) that are found in shallow ocean water. You might recognize that these animals can give you a painful sting if you step on them. That’s because cnidarians have stinging cells known as nematocysts. When touched, the nematocysts release a thread of poison that can be used to ...
Chapter 26
Chapter 26

... about in a more or less random pattern. Most complex inver¬ tebrates and all vertebrates have body parts (at least outside body parts such as arms and legs) that repeat on either side of an imaginary line drawn down the middle of their body. One side of the body is the mirror image of the other. The ...
Features Used to Classify Animals
Features Used to Classify Animals

... compartmentalization of the body parts, so that dierent organ systems can evolve and nutrient transport is possible. Additionally, because the coelom is a uid-lled cavity, it protects the organs from shock and compression. Simple animals, such as worms and jellysh, do not have a coelom. All vert ...
Features Used to Classify Animals
Features Used to Classify Animals

... compartmentalization of the body parts, so that dierent organ systems can evolve and nutrient transport is possible. Additionally, because the coelom is a uid-lled cavity, it protects the organs from shock and compression. Simple animals, such as worms and jellysh, do not have a coelom. All vert ...
Intro to Invertebrates
Intro to Invertebrates

... 11.7 and Figure 11.8 ) that are found in shallow ocean water. You might recognize that these animals can give you a painful sting if you step on them. That’s because cnidarians have stinging cells known as nematocysts. When touched, the nematocysts release a thread of poison that can be used to para ...
Worksheet 2.5 (Practice Exam 2)
Worksheet 2.5 (Practice Exam 2)

... 7.) What are the 4 general feeding strategies given in class? Give an example w/ each. ...
Chapter 1 - Jenkins Independent Schools
Chapter 1 - Jenkins Independent Schools

... 1. Animals are made of many cells. The cells are of different kinds that carry out different functions such as sensing the environment, getting rid of wastes, and reproducing. 2. Animal cells have a nucleus and specialized structures inside the cells called organelles. 3. Animals depend on other liv ...
Chapter 12 - Schoolnet
Chapter 12 - Schoolnet

... fats in foods are broken down into simpler molecules that can move into the animal’s cells. 5. Many animals move from place to place. They can escape from their enemies and find food, mates, and places to live. Animals that move slowly or not at all have adaptations that make it possible for them to ...
< 1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 16 >

Emotion in animals



Emotions in animals are the subjective feelings and emotions experienced by nonhuman animals. Emotions may be described as subjective, conscious experiences characterized primarily by psychophysiological expressions, biological reactions, and mental states.Charles Darwin was one of the first scientists to write about the existence and nature of emotions in nonhuman animals. His observational and sometimes anecdotal approach has developed into a more robust, hypothesis-driven, scientific approach. General hypotheses relating to correlates between humans and non-human animals also support the claim that non-human animals may feel emotions and that human emotions evolved from the same mechanisms. Several tests, such as cognitive bias tests and learned helplessness models, have been developed. Cognitive biases (feelings of optimism or pessimism) have been shown in a wide range of species including rats, dogs, cats, rhesus macaques, sheep, chicks, starlings, pigs and honeybees.Some behaviourists claim stimulus–response models provide a sufficient explanation for animal behaviours that have been described as emotional, and that it is unnecessary to postulate that animals are conscious. Other behaviourists further question whether animals feel emotions on the grounds that emotions aren't universal even among humans, that interpretations of animal behaviour are anthropomorphic, and that definitions of emotions lack robustness.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report