* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Exam 2 Practice - Nicholls State University
Survey
Document related concepts
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide wikipedia , lookup
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (H+-translocating) wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Basal metabolic rate wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Electron transport chain wikipedia , lookup
Adenosine triphosphate wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Citric acid cycle wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Light-dependent reactions wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Exam 2 Practice October 5, 2015 Biology 155 1. From the Second Law of Thermodynamics you know that a. the universe has a constant amount of energy b. all chemical reactions are reversible c. the amount of kinetic energy in the universe is always increasing d. energy can be converted from one form to another 2. In any chemical reaction, the total amount of product that can be produced is determined by a. the rate of reaction b. the difference in potential energy between the substrate and the product c. the amount of energy that must be invested to make the reaction proceed d. the amount of potential energy in the product 3. For the reactions shown above, which statement is NOT correct? Assume equal starting concentrations of the substrates for both reactions. a. both reactions are exergonic b. both reactions will occur at the same rate c. at equilibrium, both reactions will produce the same amount of product d. reaction 2 has a lower activation energy than reaction 1 4. A competitive inhibitor can be recognized by which property? a. the inhibitor can be saturated b. the amount of inhibition can be decreased by increasing substrate concentration c. the amount of inhibition can be decreased by decreasing substrate concentration d. the percentage inhibition changes with change in enzyme concentration Name__________________________ 5. The currency of energy in cells is a. NADH b. ATP c. carbohydrates d. triglycerides 6. Which substance is a coenzyme? a. NAD b. catechol oxidase c. Rubisco d. calcium ion 7. Which statement about enzyme catalyzed reactions is NOT correct? a. enzymes decrease the activation energy of a reaction b. enzymes can change the amount of product produced at equilibrium c. a change in substrate concentration can change the rate of a reaction d. small changes in enzyme shape can influence the rate of a reaction 8. In the conversion of a substrate into a product the activation energy determines a. the amount of energy that the reaction can yield b. the amount of potential energy in the product c. the rate of reaction d. the total amount of product at equilibrium 9. A noncompetitive inhibitor can be recognized by which property? a. the percentage inhibition changes with change in enzyme concentration b. the inhibition is reversible by adding more substrate c. the degree of inhibition does not change with change in substrate concentration d. the inhibitor can be saturated 10. Which substance is most likely to be a cofactor? a. NAD+ b. ATP c. AMP d. Ca++ 11. In theory, how many ATP can be produced from one molecule of glucose under ideal conditions by a eukaryotic cell? a. 25 b. 30 c. 32 d. 38 12. An allosteric regulator is a substance that a. influences the amount of product in solution b. changes the free energy of a reaction c. influences an enzyme's properties by binding to it away from the active site d. influences an enzyme's properties by binding to it at the active site 13. In theory, how many ATP can be produced from one molecule of acetyl CoA under ideal conditions by a eukaryotic cell? a. 8 b. 10 c. 15 d. 12 14. Which statement about glycolysis and respiration is NOT correct? a. glycolysis can occur in either the cytoplasm or mitochondrion b. the Krebs cycle only occurs in the mitochondrion c. proton gradients are responsible for most ATP production in the mitochondrion d. water is the final product of the electron transport chain 15. Which is NOT a product of the Krebs cycle? a. Acetyl CO-A b. NADH c. ATP d. CO2 16. Which statement about glycolysis is NOT correct? a. it can occur in the absence of oxygen b. glucose is completely degraded to CO2 and H20 c. 2 ATP must be invested to begin the process d. the net ATP yield is 2 17. Which statement about formation of ATP in the electron transport chain of the mitochondrion is NOT correct? a. protons are pumped out of the matrix b. an proton concentration gradient drives ATP formation c. electron transport involves a series of oxidationreduction reactions d. CO2 is the final acceptor of electrons 18. If glucose was completely degraded to CO2 and H2O, how many of the total ATP produced are produced by substrate level phosphorylation? a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 12 19. If you were to compare the pH of mitochondrial matrix with the pH of the intermembrane space during active respiration you would find a. they would be the same b. the pH of the matrix would be lower c. the pH of the matrix would be higher 20. The Krebs cycle depends on the presence of many molecules. Which molecule is NOT required by the Krebs cycle? a. NAD b. ADP c. H2O d. acetyl CoA 21. Which compound is NOT produced during anaerobic glycolysis? a. ATP b. pyruvate d. lactic acid c. FADH2 22. When carbohydrates are taken into a cell they can be used for energy production or they can be stored for later use. What molecule can serve as a regulator of this process? a. glucose b. pyruvate c. lactic acid d. ATP 23. The actual yield of ATP from each molecule of glucose is about 20% less than the theoretical yield under ideal conditions. Which explanation is currently considered the best explanation for this difference? a. because the Second Law of Thermodynamics does not allow it b. because some protons leak through the inner mitochondrial membrane c. because NADH produced in glycolysis cannot be used to produce ATP d. because cells seldom receive enough oxygen to be 100% efficient 24. Which statement about B-oxidation is correct? a. deamination is required before it begins b. it ultimately yields fewer ATP molecules per carbon than does glucose c. it can’t be carried out anaerobically d. most of the process occurs in the cytoplasm 25. Which reaction is exergonic? a. ADP → ATP b. NADP → NADPH c. glucose → pyruvate d. 6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 H20 + 6O2 26. If you could completely isolate the light reactions of photosynthesis from the dark reactions, which of the following would you not expect to find associated with the light reactions? a. ATP b. O2 c. CO2 d. NADPH 27. If you could completely isolate the light reactions of photosynthesis from the dark reactions, which of the following would you not expect to find associated with the dark reactions? a. CO2 b. NADPH c. ATP d. O2 28. Which statement about the light reactions of photosynthesis is NOT correct? a. proton gradients are responsible for most ATP production b. electrons are excited when chlorophyll absorbs photons c. electrons are excited first in Photosystem II d. the excited electrons originally came from O2 29. If you homogenized spinach cells, isolated the chloroplasts from the other parts of the cells, and then shined light on the chloroplasts you would expect a. CO2 to be produced b. O2 to be produced c. NADH to be produced d. pyruvate to be converted to lactic acid 30. Which statement about light absorption by green plants is correct? a. green light is best for the production of oxygen b. light is most strongly absorbed in the red and blue regions of the spectrum c. chlorophyll a only absorbs red light and chlorophyll b only absorbs blue light d. most photosynthesis is powered by light that is not visible to humans 31. During photosynthesis plants absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. If you could follow the oxygen atoms associated with CO2 through all the reactions of photosynthesis, at the end of the process you would find those atoms a. as free oxygen (O2) b. as free oxygen and as part of water c. still only associated with CO2 gas d. as part of water and carbohydrates 32. If you could measure the pH of the space inside the thylakoid membranes and the pH in the stroma of chloroplasts during the light reactions of photosynthesis, what would you find? a. the pH would be higher in the stroma b. the pH would be lower in the stroma c. the pH of both spaces would be the same 33. Which statement about the Calvin cycle is NOT correct? a. one product is glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate b. NADPH is used to reduce organic compounds c. RUBISCO plays an important role in carbon fixation d. it can only occur in the dark 34. Which statement about the light reactions is NOT correct? a. protons are pumped as electrons are passed through an electron transport chain b. protons are pumped from the inside to outside of thylakoids c. NADP is the final acceptor of electrons d. the original source of electrons is water 35. Which statement about the cell cycle is NOT correct? a. DNA is replicated during prophase b. most cells spend most of their time in interphase c. cytokinesis usually follows telophase d. G1, S, and G2 are collectively referred to as interphase 36. Before cell division each chromosome replicates and afterwards consists of two parts. The parts are connected by a centromere and are called: a. sister chromatids b. daughter chromatids c. sister chromosomes d. spindle fibers 37. Which statement about mitosis is NOT correct a. chromatids separate during anaphase b. chromosomes pair during prophase c. spindle fibers form during prophase d. the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell 38. Red blood cells are continually wearing out and are replaced by the division of cells in bone marrow. If you were to look at actively dividing cells in live bone marrow under a microscope you would NOT find cells in what stage? a. interphase b. G1 c. telophase d. G0 39. The diagram above shows a cell that is probably in a. prophase b. telophase c. metaphase d. anaphase e. interphase 40. Cancer is a. uncontrolled cell growth b. a genetic disease c. caused by mutations d. all of the above 41. Why does the incidence of cancer increase with age? a. repair systems wear out b. the immune system weakens c. it requires time to accumulate mutations d. older people are exposed to more risk factors 42. Which statement about growth factors is NOT correct? a. growth factors can be produced by the same tissue they stimulate to grow b. growth factors are only produced early in life c. the presence of certain growth factors may determine if a cell leaves the G1 stage d. growth factors can stimulate either a broad range of tissues or a narrow range of tissues to begin growth For up to 10 points: Compare the end products and total energy yield for the following two processes: 1) Glycolysis and respiration, 2) fermentation in muscle cells. What problem does fermentation solve? What problem does fermentation create? What is oxygen debt? Key 1 c 11 b 21 c 31 d 41 c 2 b 12 c 22 d 32 a 42 b 3 b 13 b 23 b 33 d 43 4 b 14 a 24 c 34 b 44 5 b 15 a 25 c 35 a 45 6 a 16 b 26 c 36 a 46 7 b 17 d 27 d 37 b 47 8 c 18 b 28 d 38 d 48 9 c 19 c 29 b 39 c 49 10 d 20 c 30 b 40 d 50