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Assessment
Chapter Test
Mendel and Heredity
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.
______ 1. When two different alleles occur together, the one that is expressed is
called
a. dominant.
c. recessive.
b. phenotypic.
d. superior.
______ 2. An organism that has inherited two of the same alleles of a gene from
its parents is
for that trait.
a. hereditary
c. homozygous
b. heterozygous
d. a mutation
______ 3. The law of segregation states that
a. alleles of a gene separate from each other during gamete formation.
b. different alleles of a gene can never be found in the same organism.
c. each gene of an organism ends up in a different gamete.
d. each gene is found on a different molecule of DNA.
______ 4. The law of independent assortment applies only to genes that are
a. sex-linked.
b. located on different chromosomes or are far apart on the same
chromosome.
c. located on the same chromosome.
d. autosomal.
______ 5. Both sickle cell anemia and hemophilia
a. are caused by genes coding for defective proteins.
b. are seen in homozygous dominant individuals.
c. provide resistance to malaria infections.
d. are sex-linked traits.
______ 6. If a characteristic is sex-linked, it
a. occurs most commonly
c. can never occur in females.
in males.
b. occurs only in females.
d. is always fatal.
______ 7. Which of the following is an example of gene therapy?
a. A genetic counselor studies a pedigree.
b. A student studies the colors of flowers in pea plants.
c. A geneticist explains the inheritance of albinism by using a Punnett
square.
d. A physician transfers a normal gene into the DNA of a person with
a mutated form of the gene.
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Chapter Test continued
Questions 8–11 refer to the figure below, which shows a cross between two
rabbits. In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant to brown fur (b).
B
b
B
1
2
b
3
4
Bb Bb
______ 8. The device illustrated above, which is used to organize genetic
analysis, is called a
a. Mendelian box.
c. genetic graph.
b. Punnett square.
d. phenotypic paradox.
______ 9. The fur in both of the parents in the cross is
a. black.
c. homozygous dominant.
b. brown.
d. homozygous recessive.
______10. The phenotype of the offspring indicated by Box 3 would be
a. brown.
b. a mixture of brown and black.
c. black.
d. The phenotype cannot be determined.
______11. The genotype ratio (BB : Bb) of the F1 generation would be
a. 1:1.
c. 1:3.
b. 3:1.
d. None of the above
Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space provided.
______12. Which of the following investigators carried out studies that formed
the basis of modern genetics?
a. T. A. Knight
b. Gregor Mendel
c. Thomas Morgan
d. Charles Darwin
______13. The garden pea is a good subject for genetic study because it
a. clearly shows codominance.
b. has traits in two clearly different forms.
c. produces few offspring.
d. has separate male and female flowers.
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Chapter Test continued
______14. The first step in Mendel’s garden pea experiments was to
a. remove the stamens of flowers on the plants.
b. cross-pollinate two P generation plants with contrasting traits.
c. allow each plant variety to self-pollinate for several generations.
d. allow the F1 generation to self-pollinate.
______15. Which ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes did Mendel find in
his F2 generation?
a. 1:3
c. 2:1
b. 3:1
d. 4:1
______16. Black fur is dominant to brown fur in rabbits. White and gray fur
exhibit incomplete dominance. How can you find out the genotype
of a rabbit with black fur?
a. Mate the black rabbit with a white rabbit.
b. Mate the black rabbit with a another black rabbit.
c. Mate the black rabbit with a gray rabbit.
d. Mate the black rabbit with a brown rabbit.
______ 17. Which of the following is true when analyzing a pedigree?
a. If a disorder is caused by a recessive trait, every offspring afflicted
with the disorder will have a parent with the disorder.
b. If a disorder is caused by a dominant trait, two normal parents can
produce an offspring with the disorder.
c. If a disorder is caused by a recessive trait, the normal parents of
every offspring with the disorder are carriers.
d. If a disorder is caused by a sex-linked trait, only male offspring will
have the disorder.
______18. Genetic disorders are caused by
a. faulty proteins.
b. genetic mutations.
c. damaged genes.
d. All of the above
______19. Which of the following human genetic disorders is caused by a dominant
allele?
a. cystic fibrosis
c. Huntington’s disease
b. hemophilia
d. sickle cell anemia
______20. What do genetic counselors do?
a. They look for cures for deadly genetic disorders.
b. They try to replace defective genes with healthy ones, using an
approach called gene therapy.
c. They inform people about genetic disorders that could affect them.
d. All of the above
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TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE
SECTION: COMPLEX PATTERNS
OF HEREDITY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a
b
d
c
b
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
c
f
e
d
a
22.
Chapter Test (General)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
a
c
a
b
a
a
d
b
a
c
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
d
b
b
c
b
d
c
d
c
c
23.
Chapter Test (Advanced)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
e
6. g
j
7. d
h
8. f
a
9. b
c
10. i
F2
X-linked or sex-linked
Pp and pp
3:1
recessive
genetic counseling
cross-pollinate
self-pollinate, true-breeding
Some traits are controlled by several
genes rather than by only one.
20. Most sex-linked characteristics are
carried as alleles on the X chromosome. A male would express a sexlinked recessive trait if he gets the
gene for the trait from his mother. He
cannot get an X chromosome from his
father. A female would have to get the
gene for the recessive trait on both of
the X chromosomes she receives—the
one from her mother and the one from
her father.
21. Examples include the changing colors
of the arctic fox’s fur in response to
changes in the season; the darker coloration of the nose, ears, tail, and
24.
25.
paws of a Siamese cat as a result of
lower body temperature in those
areas; and the different colors of
hydrangea flowers resulting from
different acid levels in the soil.
An individual with cystic fibrosis has
at least one copy of a defective gene
that makes a protein necessary to
pump chloride into and out of cells.
The airways of the lungs of these individuals become clogged with thick
mucus, and the ducts of the liver and
pancreas become blocked. Treatments
can relieve some of the symptoms, but
there is no cure for this disorder.
(1) For each inherited trait, an individual has two copies of the gene—one
from each parent. (2) There are alternative forms of genes. Today we call
them alleles. (3) When two different
alleles occur together, one of them
may be completely expressed (dominant), while the other may have no
observable effect on the organism’s
appearance(recessive). (4) When
gametes are formed, the alleles for
each gene in an individual separate
independently of one another.
Any four of the following: Several
traits of garden peas exist in two
clearly different forms, such as purple
and white flowers. Male and female
reproductive parts of garden peas are
enclosed in the same flower, so a
researcher can control mating by
allowing a flower to self-fertilize or by
cross-pollinating flowers. Garden peas
grow easily, mature quickly, and produce many offspring—so results can
be obtained quickly.
Mendel allowed each variety of garden
pea to self-pollinate for several generations, selecting plants from each generation that exhibited one form of a
trait. He did this until all of the offspring of a given variety produced
only one form of a particular trait.
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Mendel and Heredity