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Transcript
Thinking About Psychology
The Science of Mind and Behavior 3e
Charles T. Blair-Broeker & Randal M. Ernst
PowerPoint Presentation Slides
by Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Worth Publishers, © 2012
Individual Variation Domain
Psychological Disorders
Module 31
Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Module Overview
• Anxiety Disorders
• Mood Disorders
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
• Anxiety: a vague feeling of apprehension
or nervousness.
• Anxiety disorder: where anxiety begins to
take control and dominate a person’s life
Types of Anxiety Disorders
• Anxiety disorders are divided into:
– Generalized Anxiety Disorder
– Panic Disorder
– Phobia
– Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
(OCD)
– Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Anxiety Disorders
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorder:
Generalized Anxiety
Disorder and Panic
Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• An anxiety disorder characterized by
disruptive levels of persistent,
unexplained feelings of apprehension
and tenseness.
Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety
• Must have at least three of the following:
– Restlessness
– Feeling on edge
– Difficulty concentrating/mind going
blank
– Irritability
– Muscle Tension
– Sleep Disturbance
Panic Disorder
• An anxiety disorder characterized by
sudden bouts of intense, unexplained
anxiety,
• often associated with physical
symptoms like choking sensations or
shortness of breath.
• Panic attacks may happen several times
a day
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders:
Phobia
Phobia
• An anxiety disorder
characterized by
disruptive, irrational
fears of objects,
activities or situations.
• The fear must be both
irrational and disruptive.
Phobias
Social Phobia
• Phobias which produce fear in social
situations
• Fear of speaking in public
Agoraphobia
• Fear of situations the person views as
difficult to escape from
• Fear of leaving one’s home or room in
the house
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders:
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
(OCD)
• An anxiety disorder characterized by
unwanted, repetitive thoughts and
actions.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
(OCD)
• Obsessions – repetitive thoughts
• Compulsions – repetitive actions
• The obsessions/compulsions begin to
take control of the
person’s life.
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders:
Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD)
• An anxiety disorder
characterized by
reliving a severely
upsetting event in
unwanted recurring
memories and dreams.
• PTSD and 9/11
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders:
Causes of Anxiety
Disorders
Biological Factors
• Hereditary factors may
result in a predisposition
for developing anxiety
disorders
• Brain functions appear to
be different in an anxiety
disorder patient
• Evolutionary factors may
lead to anxiety disorders.
The Brain and OCD
Learning Factors
• Through classical conditioning people
may associate fear with an object.
• Observational learning--watching
another experiencing fearfulness--may
result in developing fear.
• Fear of an object may be reinforced
when by avoiding the feared objects.
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Mood Disorders
Mood Disorders
• Classification of disorders where there
is a disturbance in the person’s emotions
• Major types of mood disorders include:
– Major Depressive Disorder
– Bipolar Disorder
– Dysthymic Disorder
Mood Disorders
Mania
• Period of abnormally high emotion and
activity
Depression
• Extended period of feeling sad, listless,
and drained of energy
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Mood Disorders:
Major Depressive
Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
• A mood disorder in which a person,
for no apparent reason, experiences at
least two weeks of
– depressed moods,
– diminished interest in activities, and
– other symptoms, such as feelings of
worthlessness.
Major Depressive Disorder
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
Little interest or pleasure in almost all activities
Significant changes in weight or appetite
Sleeping more or less than usually
Agitated or decreased level of activity
Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
Diminished ability to think or concentrate
Recurrent thoughts or death or suicide
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Mood Disorder:
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
• A mood disorder,
• (formerly called manic-depressive
disorder)
• in which the person alternates between
the hopelessness of depression and the
overexcited and unreasonably optimistic
state of mania.
• Many times will follow a cyclical pattern
Module 31: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Mood Disorder:
Causes of Mood Disorders
Biopolar Disorder PET Scans
Biological Factors
• Mood disorders have a hereditary nature
to them.
• Depressed individuals tend to have
depressed brains.
– PET scans indicate less activity during
periods of depression.
Social-Cognitive Factors
• Depression may be a variation of
learned helplessness.
• Depressed individuals attribute events
using the following characteristics:
– Stable: the bad situation will last for a
long time
– Internal: they are at fault
– Global: all of life is bad
Attribution and Depression
Determination of Mood
The End
Teacher Information
• Types of Files
– This presentation has been saved as a “basic” Powerpoint file. While
this file format placed a few limitations on the presentation, it insured the
file would be compatible with the many versions of Powerpoint teachers
use. To add functionality to the presentation, teachers may want to save
the file for their specific version of Powerpoint.
• Animation
– Once again, to insure compatibility with all versions of Powerpoint, none
of the slides are animated. To increase student interest, it is suggested
teachers animate the slides wherever possible.
• Adding slides to this presentation
– Teachers are encouraged to adapt this presentation to their personal
teaching style. To help keep a sense of continuity, blank slides which
can be copied and pasted to a specific location in the presentation follow
this “Teacher Information” section.
Teacher Information
• Domain Coding
– Just as the textbook is organized around the APA National Standards,
these Powerpoints are coded to those same standards. Included at the
top of almost every slide is a small stripe, color coded to the APA
National Standards.
• Scientific Inquiry Domain
• Biopsychology Domain
• Development and Learning Domain
• Social Context Domain
• Cognition Domain
• Individual Variation Domain
• Applications of Psychological Science Domain
• Key Terms and Definitions in Red
– To emphasize their importance, all key terms from the text and their
definitions are printed in red. To maintain consistency, the definitions on
the Powerpoint slides are identical to those in the textbook.
Teacher Information
• Hyperlink Slides - Immediately after the unit title slide, a page (usually
slide #4 or #5) can be found listing all of the module’s subsections. While in
slide show mode, clicking on any of these hyperlinks will take the user
directly to the beginning of that subsection. This allows teachers quick
access to each subsection.
• Continuity slides - Throughout this presentations there are slides,
usually of graphics or tables, that build on one another. These are included
for three purposes.
• By presenting information in small chunks, students will find it easier to process and
remember the concepts.
• By continually changing slides, students will stay interested in the presentation.
• To facilitate class discussion and critical thinking. Students should be encouraged to
think about “what might come next” in the series of slides.
• Please feel free to contact me at [email protected] with any
questions, concerns, suggestions, etc. regarding these presentations.
Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Germantown, WI 53022
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