Download Meiosis Reading Guide Ch.13

AP Biology Reading Guide
Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Name ___________________
Date ________ Period _____
13.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes.
1. Define the following terms:
a. gene
b. locus
c. male gamete in animals? plants?
d. female gamete in animals? plants?
2. Is a clone produced sexually or asexually? Justify your answer.
13.2 Fertilization and meiosis alternate in sexual life cycles
3. Compare and contrast somatic cells and gametes.
4. Compare and contrast autosomes and sex chromosomes. Use humans as an
example.
5. What are homologous chromosomes?
6a. What is a karyotype?
6b. How is a karyotype prepared?
6c. What three things can be determined from a karyotype?
7. Give examples of two types of haploid cells. Diploid cells.
8. How many chromosomes are found in a human zygote? Explain your answer.
9. In the cell below, the chromosomes are shaded differently to represent the
parent origin. On the sketch, label the following: (Hint: mother has stripes)
a. sister chromatids
b. homologous chromosomes
c. centromere
d. replicated chromosome
e. maternal chromosomes
10. How many chromosomes does the cell above have?
11. How many homologous pairs?
12. Is it haploid or diploid?
13. By what process are gametes produced?
14. Describe alternation of generations. Label picture.
15. What are the two generations in alternation of generations?
16. What kinds of organisms exhibit alternation of generations?
13.3 Meiosis reduces the number of chromosome set from diploid to haploid.
17. Define synapsis.
18. Define crossing over.
19. What is a tetrad?
20. Define chiasma.
21. Compare mitosis and meiosis
Property
DNA replication
Number of
divisions
Synapsis of
homologous
chromosomes
Number of
daughter cells
Role in the
animal body
Mitosis
Meiosis
13.4 Genetic variation produced in sexual life cycles contributes to evolution
In species that reproduce sexually, the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis
and fertilization is responsible for most of the variation that arises each
generation. There are three mechanisms that contribute to the genetic variation
arising from sexual reproduction: independent assortment of chromosomes,
crossing over, and random fertilization.
22. Explain how independent assortment of chromosomes contributes to genetic
variation.
23. Explain how crossing over contributes to genetic variation.
24. How does random fertilization contribute to genetic variation?