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Transcript
What is Behaviorism? Who was Ivan Pavlov? What is classical conditioning? What’s Little Albert experiment? What is stimulus generalization? What is stimulus discrimination? What is UCS? What is UCR? What is CS? What is CR? What is acquisition? What is extinction? What is spontaneous recovery? What is operant conditioning? Who was B.F. Skinner? What is reinforcement? What is punishment? What are schedules of reinforcement? What is shaping? Who was Albert Bandura? Instinctual drift? Garcia effect? Perspective in psychology that our thoughts and behaviors are a result of either classical cond., operant conditioning or observational learning. Generally, free will is an illusion. We are pigeons in a cage. Russian doctor – trained dog to drool to a bell. Learning by association. Dog associates bell with food, so dog drools to bell. Explains phobias, fetishes. John Watson used classical conditioning to make baby afraid of rat (while making a scary sound). Baby generalized this fear. In classical conditioning, we get conditioned to respond to stimuli similar to original stimulus. (instead of fearing just a white rat, L. Albert became afraid of all white furry things.) We know better. Dogs may drool to a bell, but not a gong. The “acquiring” of an association btwn 2 things. The association goes away (dog doesn’t drool to bell anymore) Association returns for some reason. Dog drools again to bell. We learn through reinforcements and punishments. Father of operant conditioning. Studied pigeons and other animals. Famous for Skinner Box Anything that leads to an increase in behavior. Positive reinforcement – money leads to performance Negative reinforcement – take away pain to extract information Anything that reduces a behavior. Positive punishment – give pain to reduce bad behavior Negative punishment – take away car to reduce bad driving Continuous reinforcement – reward every time. Partial reinforcement – reward part of time Fixed ratio – give reward every 3 times, every 5 times variable - ratio reinforcement – reward for unpredictable set of responses (like a slot machine) fixed interval – reward at predictable time intervals (every 5 min) variable interval – reward at unpredictable time intervals (pop quizzes) Reinforce partial behaviors til eventually behavior is perfect (teaching dog to bow) Behaviorist – famous for Bobo doll experiment – social learning theory (observational learning) Monkey see monkey do. Animals will revert back to their instinctual behavior even if trained to do tricks. One associates sickness with a restaurant and won’t eat there.