Download Name: Aim 28: Gene Expression Practice Date

Name: _______________
Aim 28: Gene Expression Practice
1. The photograph below shows two penguins of the same species
displaying different feather color patterns.
Date: _______________
4. In the human pancreas, acinar cells produce digestive enzymes
and beta cells produce insulin. The best explanation for this is
that
1) a mutation occurs in the beta cells to produce insulin when
the sugar level increases in the blood
2) different parts of an individual’s DNA are used to direct the
synthesis of different proteins in different types of cells
3) lowered sugar levels cause the production of insulin in
acinar cells to help maintain homeostasis
4) the genes in acinar cells came from one parent while the
genes in beta cells came from the other parent
5. Which is an example of environmental influence on gene
expression?
The newly discovered all-black penguin had only black feathers
since emerging from the egg. The sudden appearance of this
characteristic was most likely due to
1)
2)
3)
4)
a change in environmental conditions
deposition of oil on the feathers due to pollution
1) the production of plants bearing oval squash from parent
plants bearing round and long squash
2) the effect of light on chlorophyll production in plants
3) the pattern of inheritance for sex-linked traits in humans
4) the production of human offspring with blood type AB
a random change in the sequences of bases in DNA
a change in the diet of the penguin chick
2. Base your answer to the following question on the information
below and on your knowledge of biology.
Scientists are increasingly concerned about the possible
effects of damage to the ozone layer.
Damage to the ozone layer has resulted in mutations in skin cells
that lead to cancer. Will the mutations that caused the skin
cancers be passed on to offspring? Support your answer.
No because mutations in skin cells are not
passed to offspring, only mutations in gametes
3. In fruit flies with the curly wing mutation, the wings will be
straight if the flies are kept at 16ºC, but curly if they are kept at
25ºC. The most probable explanation for this is that
1) fruit flies with curly wings cannot survive at high
temperatures
2) the environment influences wing phenotype in these fruit flies
3) high temperatures increase the rate of mutations
4) wing length in these fruit flies is directly proportional to
temperature
6. Identical twins were born with genes for a genetic disorder that
can be controlled by diet. Both twins were placed on this diet,
which excludes a certain amino acid. However, one twin chose
not to follow the diet and developed the genetic disorder. The
other twin followed the diet and did not develop the disorder.
This difference between the twins illustrates that
1)
2)
3)
4)
gene expression is not influenced by biochemical factors
identical twins do not always have the same genotype
gene expression is influenced by the environment
the genetic disorder is inherited by identical twins, only
7. In an experiment, corn seeds were germinated and grown in the
dark. When leaves developed, they were white. Several days
later, the plants were exposed to sunlight and the leaves turned
green. A possible explanation for this color change is that the
1) expression of the genes controlling chlorophyll production is
influenced by environmental factors
2) genes that control chlorophyll production cannot be
expressed until the plant is mature
3) alleles for leaf color in corn plants are codominant
4) exposure to ultraviolet radiation present in sunlight caused a
mutation in the corn plants
8. What is the shape of a protein molecule influenced by?
1)
2)
3)
4)
whether it is organic or inorganic
changes in temperature or pH
the number of genes found in the nucleus
the number of chromosomes in the cell
9. Which statement best explains the change shown
in the diagram below?
12. A towel placed on a lawn for a length of time can cause the
grass beneath it to lose its green color. The most probable
explanation for this is that darkness
1)
2)
3)
4)
1) Gene expression in an organism can be modified by
interactions with the environment.
2) Certain rabbits produce mutations that affect genes in
specific areas of the body.
3) Sorting and recombination of genes can be influenced by
very cold temperatures.
4) Molecular arrangement in existing proteins can be altered by
environmental factors.
10. Siamese cats have a genotype for dark fur, but the enzymes that
produce the dark coloring function best at temperatures below
the cat's normal body temperature. A Siamese cat usually has
darker fur on its ears, nose, paws, and tail, because these parts
have a lower temperature than the rest of its body. If a Siamese
cat spends much time outdoors during very cold weather, darker
fur grows in other places on its body. Which statement is
supported by these observations?
1) Physical characteristics are influenced by both heredity and
environment.
2) Physical characteristicsis usually determined by the
environment, only.
3) Genetic information always has a greater influence than
environment.
4) Genetic information is influenced by both heredity and
environment.
11. The types of human cells shown below are different from one
another, even though they all originated from the same fertilized
egg and contain the same genetic information.
Explain why these genetically identical cells can differ in
structure and function.
Different parts of the genetic instruction are
used in different cells
affects the expression of certain genes in the grass
causes a mutation in the plants
affects the structure of cell membranes in the grass
causes plants to switch to heterotrophic nutrition
13. The cells that make up leaves on a tree are genetically identical,
yet the leaves often have different shapes and sizes, as shown in
the diagram below.
Which statement best explains this difference in leaf
appearance?
1) The leaves at the top of the tree get more sunlight, causing the
genes in their cells to be expressed differently.
2) The genes in the cells of leaves at the top of the tree are
destroyed by sunlight, causing the leaves to stop growing.
3) The leaves near the bottom of the tree have more genes
related to leaf size, causing them to grow larger
4) The genes in the cells of leaves near the bottom of the tree
increase in number, causing them to grow even larger.
14. The chart below shows relationships between genes, the
environment, and coloration of tomato plants.
Which statement best explains the final appearance of these
tomato plants?
1)
2)
3)
4)
The expression of gene A is not affected by light.
The expression of gene B varies with the presence of light.
The expression of gene A varies with the environment.
Gene B is expressed only in darkness.
15. Base your answer to question on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The graph shows the level of gene
expression of five different genes in normal and cancerous cells.
Which statement is a valid inference that can be made based on the data in this graph?
1)
2)
3)
4)
The change in the level of gene expression in gene 4 could indicate it plays a major role in the development of cancer.
Slight decreases in gene expression will always result in the formation of cancer cells.
Cells will develop cancer if the gene expression of these five genes remains below four peptides per second.
An increase in the level of gene expression in these flve genes is necessary for cancer to develop in cells.
16. The enzyme pepsin is produced in the cells of the stomach but
not in the cells of the small intestine. The small intestine
produces a different enzyme, trypsin. The reason that the
stomach and small intestine produce different enzymes is that
the gene that codes for pepsin is
1) in the cells of the stomach, but not in the cells of the small
intestine
2) expressed in the stomach but not expressed in the small
intestine
19. As male children get older, some begin to closely resemble their
fathers and have no resemblance to their mothers. Which
statement best explains this observation?
1) Several sperm fertilized the egg, so the fertilized egg
contained more genes from their father.
2) More genes are inherited from the sperm cell of their father
than from the egg cell of their mother, so most traits will
be like those of their father.
3) More genes from their father are expressed in traits that can
be seen, and more genes from their mother are expressed in
traits that cannot be seen, such as blood type or enzyme
function.
3) mutated in the small intestine
4) digested by the trypsin in the small intestine
17. Research has shown that certain body cells, known as stem
cells, can develop into a variety of specialized cells. Various
factors can cause stem cells to develop into different types of
mature cells. These different types of mature cells result from
1) different antibodies and mitotic cell division
2) identical genetic codes and meiotic cell division
3) different environments of the cells and the functioning of
different parts of the genetic code
4) similar steps in the development of the cells and a
reduction in the number of chromosomes in each cell
18. Why do scientists prefer to use twins to study if the environment
affects their gene expression rather than siblings that are not
twins?
Identical twins have the same DNA so any
observable differences are most likely due
to environmental factors
4) Genes from their father are stronger than genes from their
mother, so the genes from their mother are not expressed.
20. A basketball player develops speed and power as a result of
practice. Why will this athletic ability not be passed on to her
offspring?
1)
2)
3)
4)
muscle cells do not carry genetic information
mutations that occur in body cells are not inherited
gametes do not carry complete sets of genetic information
base sequences in DNA are not affected by this activity
Answer Key
gene expression for NOTES2
1.
2.
3
Examples: – No,
mutations in body
cells rae not
transmitted to
offspring. – No, only
mutations in gametes
are transmitted to
offspring
3.
2
4.
2
5.
2
6.
3
7.
1
8.
2
9.
1
10.
1
11.
Responses include,
but are not limited to:
Different parts of
genetic information
are used in different
cells; Different cells
are influenced by
their environments in
the body.
12.
1
13.
1
14.
3
15.
1
16.
2
17.
3
18.
19.
3
20.
4