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Cells and Cell Theory Mr. Porter Principles of Science First Sightings of Cells Robert Hooke, 1663, - An English scientist and inventor, looked at the structure of cork using his homemade microscope. First Sightings of Cells Hooke thought the spaces in the cork looked like tiny rooms so he called them “cells”. First Sightings of Cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek - a Dutch businessman and amateur scientist made his own lenses. First Sightings of Cells He used them to look at pond water and discovered many tiny organisms which he called “animalcules”. First Sightings of Cells Matthias Schleiden, 1838, a German scientist, concluded that all plants were made of cells. First Sightings of Cells Theodor Schwann, 1839, another German scientist, concluded that all animals were made of cells. Cell Theory Cell Theory states that: 1) All living things are made of cells. 2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3) All cells come from other cells. Types of Cells – Organisms whose cells contain organelles. Prokaryotes – Organisms whose cells that do not contain any organelles, except ribosomes. Eukaryotes Specialized Cells In multi-cellular (more than one cell) organisms, cells differ a lot in size and shape based on their function. Skin Nerve Muscle Bone Bacterial Cells Bacteria are the only prokaryote members The bacteria’s genetic material is found in the cytoplasm; eukaryotes have it in their nucleus. What’s In A Cell? Organelles - tiny structures in the cell that do special jobs. Organelles in the cytoplasm Cytoplasm - a clear, thick, gel-like fluid found between the nucleus and the cell membrane. Organelles in the cytoplasm Most cell organelles are found here. These organelles function to: produce energy build and transport needed materials store and recycle wastes. Cell Membrane Cell membrane found in all types of cells 1. Separates the cell from its environment 2. Protects the cell. 3. Controls what goes in and out. Cell Wall Cell walls - rigid layers of non-living material. Support & protect cell. Allow oxygen & water to pass through. Made of cellulose Cell Wall Cellulose - a tough, but flexible material that make the cell walls. Non-digestible carbohydrate (Fiber) Venn Diagram 18 Life Science L.12.B.1 http://rpdp.net/sciencetips_v2/L12B1.htm Which of the following is present in a typical plant cell but not in an animal cell? A. Mitochondria B. Cell Wall C. Ribosome D. Cell Membrane Southern Nevada Regional Professional Development Program K-12 Science 22 Life Science L.12.B.2 http://www.rpdp.net/sciencetips_v2/L12B2.htm Which of the following is the correct ranking of organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex? A. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms B. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms C. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms D. tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms Southern Nevada Regional Professional Development Program K-12 Science Review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is the name for the small parts within a cell that perform specific functions? What substance fills the cell? In eukaryotes, what surrounds the cell? What is the primary difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? List 3 functions of the cell membrane/wall?