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The Republic Roman citizens were divided into two class: Patrician and Plebeian Patricians Nobles who owned large estates and were descended from the founders of the city Plebeians Ordinary peasants and craftsmen. The Citizens of Rome Both the patricians and the Plebeians met in the assembly. Here they elected or appointed 3 different groups of officials. The Assembly All Roman citizens belong to the assembly Voted on Senate decisions to go to war Rich people got more votes than poor people. Consuls The consuls governed the city They were elected for one year only and could not be elected again until 10 years had passed. They were both administrators and military leaders They had the power to veto any law. 2 members They both had to agree before a decision could be made. One of their most important responsibilities was to control the army. Magistrates Elected officials, appointed to be judges Looked after city finances. Tribunes Spoke for the poor Were appointed to protect the ordinary people against unfair treatment. They could not veto military decisions. Senate When Magistrates retired they became members of the senate. Made up of 300 men They advised the consuls They discussed ways to deal with other countries. Proposed laws The Senate became very important and ended up controlling Rome. Chosen from the patrician social level Judges Pontius Pilate was the Roman prefect (governor) of Judea, a sub-province of Syria, who ordered the crucifixion of Jesus. Also called prefects The prefect was an official who was appointed by a magistrate, for a fixed period and a special task In the beginning, this was a military task The emperor was the only one who was allowed to appoint prefects. Their tasks could include distributing food to the Roman people, guarding the treasury, oversee the support for orphans Change for Rome When the Roman Empire started to grow and Rome became a more powerful city, a top government position became more and more attractive. Therefore, more and more ambitious men got involved in government. These men believed that Rome would be better served by one man governing the city and empire, as opposed to a group of elected officials. These sole rulers were called emperors.