Download Genetics Unit

Augustinian monk and botanist
whose experiments in breeding
garden peas led to his eventual
recognition as founder of the
science of genetics (1822-1884)
Mendel
a type of gene that is hidden
by a dominant gene
Recessive
used to show the possible
gene combinations in a cross
between two organisms
Punnett Square
a gene responsible for
determining traits in an
organism
Allele
chromosomes that do not
determine the sex of a
person
Autosome
HH
Homozygous
Dominant
pattern where the phenotypes of
both homozygous parents are
present in heterozygous
offspring; both alleles are
equally expressed
Codominant
Alleles
the stronger trait in a gene
pair
Dominant
union of a sperm and egg
Fertilization
the branch of biology that
studies heredity and variation in
organisms
Genetics
an organism's genetic makeup, or
allele combinations
Genotype
an organism that has two
different alleles for a single trait,
for example (Hh)
Heterozygous
two of the same alleles for a
trait, for example (HH)
Homozygous
an organism that is heterozygous
for a particular trait
Hybrid
a genetic pattern in which
neither of the two forms of a
trait completely masks the other
Incomplete
Dominance
any chromosome other than
a sex chromosome
Autosome
a picture of all the
chromosomes in a cell
arranged in pairs
Karyotype
having more than two alleles
that control a trait
Multiple
Alleles
a chart or "family tree" that
tracks which members of a
family have a particular trait
Pedigree
what an organism looks like
as a consequence of its
genotype
Phenotype
transfer of pollen from the
anther to the stigma of a
plant
Pollination
hh
Homozygous
Recessive
occurs when groups of gene
pairs act together to produce
a specific trait
Polygenic
Inheritance
a trait that will be masked by
more dominant trait
Recessive
X and Y chromosomes that
determine the sex of an
individual
Sex
Chromosome
characteristics that are
inherited
Trait
heterozygous offspring show a
phenotype that is in between the
phenotypes of the two
homozygous parents
Incomplete
Dominance
Hh
Heterozygous
Punnett Square
b
B
B
b
b
b
B
Bb
Bb
B
Bb
Bb