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Name: ________________________________________________________ CIBI3031-091 Midterm Examination III November 2005 Multiple Choice In each blank, identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1. Which of the following designates a normal human female? a. XO b. XX c. XY 2. When chromosomes become visible during prophase of mitosis, it is the result of a. DNA replication. b. condensation of DNA and associated proteins. c. addition of proteins to the DNA. 3. Sex chromosomes a. determine gender. b. carry some genes that have nothing to do with sex. c. both of these 4. The chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator during a. metaphase. b. interphase. c. anaphase. 5. If tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t), and two homozygous varieties TT and tt are crossed, then what kind of offspring will be produced? a. 1/2 tall, 1/2 dwarf b. all tall c. all dwarf 6. Different, or alternative, forms of the same gene are called a. alleles. b. genetomorphs. c. chromatids. 7. Sister chromatids are separated from each other during a. anaphase II. b. metaphase II. c. metaphase I. 8. Which is NOT a typical site for the occurrence of meiosis? a. human testis b. human nose cells c. plant ovary 9. Sexual reproduction a. results in new combinations of genetic traits. b. produces genetic clones. c. leads to uniform characteristics in a population. 10. Genes that are located on the same chromosome a. tend to be inherited together. b. will be separated during gamete formation. c. both of these 11. The spindle apparatus is made of a. endoplasmic reticulum. b. Golgi bodies. c. microtubules. 1 ____ 12. Genetic recombination as a result of crossing over occurs more often in genes a. that are located close together on the same chromosome. b. that are located on different chromosomes. c. that are located far apart on the same chromosome. ____ 13. An organism with genotype AaBb is a. homozygous dominant. b. heterozygous. c. homozygous recessive. ____ 14. In eukaryotic cells, which can occur during the stages of mitosis? a. the replication of DNA b. fragmentation and disappearance of the nuclear envelope c. both of these ____ 15. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The closer together genes are found on a chromosome the greater is the chance that crossing over will occur between them. b. Crossing over leads to variation. c. Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis increases variation. ____ 16. Which of the following is NOT associated with meiosis? a. reduction of the chromosome number b. sperm and egg c. somatic cells ____ 17. Which of the following events occurs in prophase I but does NOT occur in prophase II? a. spindle formation b. crossing over c. both of these ____ 18. The chromatids separate from one another and become individual chromosomes during a. metaphase. b. prophase. c. anaphase. ____ 19. Which of the following genotypes is homozygous? a. AaBB b. aABB c. aaBB ____ 20. The chromosomes and genes are actually replicated during a. interphase. b. anaphase. c. metaphase. ____ 21. If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, how many sister chromatids will be present after duplication of the chromosomes? a. 32 b. 64 c. 16 ____ 22. Which of the following is NOT true of human chromosomes? a. Human gametes have one of each type of 23 chromosomes. b. Human gametes have two of each type of 23 chromosomes. c. The haploid number is 23. ____ 23. Meiosis typically results in the production of a. four diploid cells. b. four haploid cells. c. two diploid cells. 2 ____ 24. If alleles L, M, and N are on the maternal chromosome and l, m, and n are on the paternal chromosome, the only way that a gamete from a heterozygote will produce a gamete with alleles l, m, and N is through a. crossing over. b. the law of independent assortment. c. nondisjunction. ____ 25. When a cell undergoes mitosis, a. the daughter cells have identical genes. b. the daughter cells have genes identical to those of the mother cell that produced them. c. both of these ____ 26. The number of different alleles for ABO blood types in the total human population is a. 4. b. 3. c. 9. ____ 27. The chromosomes are moving to opposite poles during a. metaphase. b. anaphase. c. interphase. ____ 28. Which of the following does NOT produce variation? a. random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis b. asexual reproduction c. crossing over ____ 29. Gene A is on chromosome #5, gene B is on chromosome #21. Therefore, these two parts of the chromosomes CANNOT be a. alleles. b. dominant. c. recessive. ____ 30. The ABO blood types have __________ different genotypes. a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 ____ 31. If short hair (S) is dominant to long hair (s), then what fraction of the offspring produced by a cross of Ss x ss will be homozygous dominant? a. 1/4 b. 1/2 c. none (no chance of this offspring) ____ 32. Mendel found that pea plants expressing a recessive trait a. were pure-breeding. b. appeared only in the first generation offspring of a cross between two pure-breeding plants expressing contrasting forms of a trait. c. both of these ____ 33. Chromosomes other than those involved in sex determination are known as a. alleles. b. autosomes. c. chromatids. ____ 34. If R is dominant to r, the offspring of the cross of RR with rr will a. display the same phenotype as the rr parent. b. display the same phenotype as the RR parent. c. have the same genotype as the RR parent. 3 ____ 35. The chromosomes have arrived at opposite poles during a. telophase. b. metaphase. c. anaphase. ____ 36. Red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. A color-blind woman and a man with normal vision have a son. What is the probability that the son is color blind? a. 100 percent b. 50 percent c. 75 percent ____ 37. If ALL offspring of a cross have the genotype Aa, the parents of the crosses are most likely a. Aa x Aa. b. AA x aa. c. Aa x aa. ____ 38. Crossing over occurs during a. anaphase I. b. metaphase II. c. prophase I. ____ 39. If a child has an AB blood type, the parents a. can have different blood types, but neither can be blood type O. b. must both be AB. c. must be A and B, but not AB. ____ 40. If a daughter expresses an X-linked recessive gene, she inherited the trait from a. her father. b. both parents. c. her mother. ____ 41. In mitosis, if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes? a. 8 b. 16 c. 32 ____ 42. In comparing mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements is true? a. Both processes result in four cells. b. Crossing over occurs in both. c. Meiosis II resembles mitosis. ____ 43. Through meiosis, a. the diploid chromosome number is reduced to haploid. b. parental DNA is divided and distributed to forming gametes. c. both of these ____ 44. Hybrid organisms produced from a cross between two pure-breeding organisms belong to which generation? a. A1 b. F1 c. P1 ____ 45. Which of the following designates a normal human male? a. XX b. XY c. YY ____ 46. If two genes are on the same chromosome, a. crossing over occurs frequently. b. they are in the same linkage group. c. they assort independently. 4 ____ 47. According to Mendel, what kind of alleles are masked, or "disappear," in F1 pea plants? a. codominant b. dominant c. recessive ____ 48. Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because a. homologous chromosomes must be separated into different daughter cells. b. the number of chromosomes allotted to each daughter cell must be halved. c. it produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes. ____ 49. Homologous chromosomes a. have alleles for the same characteristics even though the gene expression may not be the same. b. are derived only from the maternal parent. c. both of these ____ 50. If two genes are almost always found in the same gamete, a. they are located far apart on the same chromosome. b. they are located on nonhomologous chromosomes. c. they are located close together on the same chromosome. Extra Credit Problem (2 points) 51. If a father and a son are both red-green color blind (an X-linked recessive trait) and the mother is normal, is it likely that the son inherited color blindness from his father? (a) Yes or No (b) Explain your answer. (circle one). 5 ID: A CIBI3031-091 Answer Section Midterm Examination III November 2005 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: TOP: 2. ANS: TOP: 3. ANS: 4. ANS: 5. ANS: 6. ANS: TOP: 7. ANS: TOP: 8. ANS: TOP: 9. ANS: TOP: 10. ANS: TOP: 11. ANS: 12. ANS: TOP: 13. ANS: TOP: 14. ANS: 15. ANS: TOP: 16. ANS: TOP: 17. ANS: TOP: 18. ANS: 19. ANS: TOP: 20. ANS: 21. ANS: TOP: 22. ANS: 23. ANS: 24. ANS: TOP: 25. ANS: TOP: 26. ANS: 27. ANS: B DIF: Easy CASE STUDIES: CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF SEX CHROMOSOMES B DIF: Easy DIVIDING CELLS: THE BRIDGE BETWEEN GENERATIONS C DIF: Easy TOP: CHROMOSOMES AND INHERITANCE A DIF: Easy TOP: MITOSIS B DIF: Moderate TOP: MENDEL’S THEORY OF SEGREGATION A DIF: Moderate COMPARING SEXUAL WITH ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION A DIF: Moderate HOW MEIOSIS HALVES THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER B DIF: Easy COMPARING SEXUAL WITH ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION A DIF: Moderate COMPARING SEXUAL WITH ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION DIF: Moderate WHAT MENDEL DIDN'T KNOW: CHROMOSOMES AND RECOMBINATIONS C DIF: Easy TOP: MITOSIS C DIF: Moderate WHAT MENDEL DIDN'T KNOW: CHROMOSOMES AND RECOMBINATIONS B DIF: Moderate MENDEL’S INSIGHT INTO INHERITANCE PATTERNS B DIF: Moderate TOP: MITOSIS DIF: Difficult WHAT MENDEL DIDN'T KNOW: CHROMOSOMES AND RECOMBINATIONS C DIF: Moderate DIVIDING CELLS: THE BRIDGE BETWEEN GENERATIONS B DIF: Moderate A CLOSER LOOK AT KEY EVENTS OF MEIOSIS I C DIF: Moderate TOP: MITOSIS C DIF: Easy MENDEL’S INSIGHT INTO INHERITANCE PATTERNS DIF: Easy TOP: THE CELL CYCLE DIF: Easy DIVIDING CELLS: THE BRIDGE BETWEEN GENERATIONS B DIF: Difficult TOP: FROM GAMETES TO OFFSPRING B DIF: Moderate TOP: FROM GAMETES TO OFFSPRING DIF: Difficult WHAT MENDEL DIDN'T KNOW: CHROMOSOMES AND RECOMBINATIONS C DIF: Moderate DIVIDING CELLS: THE BRIDGE BETWEEN GENERATIONS B DIF: Difficult TOP: DOMINANCE RELATIONS B DIF: Easy TOP: MITOSIS 1 ID: A 28. ANS: 29. ANS: TOP: 30. ANS: 31. ANS: 32. ANS: TOP: 33. ANS: 34. ANS: 35. ANS: 36. ANS: 37. ANS: 38. ANS: TOP: 39. ANS: 40. ANS: 41. ANS: TOP: 42. ANS: 43. ANS: TOP: 44. ANS: TOP: 45. ANS: TOP: 46. ANS: TOP: 47. ANS: 48. ANS: TOP: 49. ANS: TOP: 50. ANS: TOP: B DIF: Difficult TOP: MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS COMPARED DIF: Difficult MENDEL’S INSIGHT INTO INHERITANCE PATTERNS B DIF: Difficult TOP: DOMINANCE RELATIONS C DIF: Easy TOP: MENDEL’S THEORY OF SEGREGATION DIF: Difficult MENDEL’S INSIGHT INTO INHERITANCE PATTERNS B DIF: Easy TOP: CHROMOSOMES AND INHERITANCE B DIF: Moderate TOP: MENDEL’S THEORY OF SEGREGATION DIF: Easy TOP: MITOSIS DIF: Moderate TOP: EXAMPLES OF INHERITANCE PATTERNS B DIF: Moderate TOP: MENDEL’S THEORY OF SEGREGATION C DIF: Easy A CLOSER LOOK AT KEY EVENTS OF MEIOSIS I DIF: Moderate TOP: DOMINANCE RELATIONS B DIF: Moderate TOP: EXAMPLES OF INHERITANCE PATTERNS B DIF: Easy DIVIDING CELLS: THE BRIDGE BETWEEN GENERATIONS C DIF: Difficult TOP: MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS COMPARED C DIF: Moderate COMPARING SEXUAL WITH ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION B DIF: Moderate MENDEL’S INSIGHT INTO INHERITANCE PATTERNS B DIF: Easy CASE STUDIES: CHANGES IN THE NUMBER OF SEX CHROMOSOMES B DIF: Easy WHAT MENDEL DIDN'T KNOW: CHROMOSOMES AND RECOMBINATIONS C DIF: Moderate TOP: MENDEL’S THEORY OF SEGREGATION C DIF: Difficult A CLOSER LOOK AT KEY EVENTS OF MEIOSIS I DIF: Moderate HOW MEIOSIS HALVES THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER C DIF: Moderate WHAT MENDEL DIDN'T KNOW: CHROMOSOMES AND RECOMBINATIONS PROBLEM 51. ANS: (a) No. (b) Males inherit all X-linked traits from the mother: they must inherit their Y chromosome from their father, so they inherit their only X chromosome (and any X-linked traits) from the mother. See page 205. DIF: Difficult 2