Download OPERANT CONDITIONING

OPERANT CONDITIONING
DEFINITION
Learning in which a certain
action is reinforced or
punished, resulting in
corresponding increases or
decreases in occurrence
TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH OPERANT
CONDITIONING
1. SPONTANEOUS BEHAVIOR
Any voluntary behavior that the learner
exhibits.
Example: Driving down Passaic Ave. at
100 MPH
2. CONSEQUENCES
The positive or negative results of the
learner’s actions
Example: Getting a ticket
WHEN WILL LEARNING HAPPEN?
If operant conditioning is
going to happen, a learned
response will result from a
second stimulus that is similar
to the original spontaneous
behavior
TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH OPERANT
CONDITIONING (PART 2)
3. STIMULUS
Something in the environment (similar to the
original spontaneous behavior) that causes a
learned response.
Example: Next time your drive on Passaic Ave.
4. LEARNED RESPONSE
The learned reaction to the stimulus.
Example: You obey the speed limit
HOW IS OPERANT CONDITIONING DIFFFERENT
FROM CLASSICAL CONDITIONING?
The responses in classical conditioning
are automatic, reflexive, and usually
physiological.
The responses in operant conditioning
reflect thought and choice on the part
of the learner.
OTHER TERMS RELATED TO OPERANT
CONDITIONING
5. REINFORCEMENT
A stimulus or event that follows a response and
increases the likelihood that the response will be
repeated.
Example: The teacher praises a student for doing
well on a project
OTHER TERMS RELATED TO OPERANT
CONDITIONING (CONT.)
6. FIXED-RATIO SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT
A specific number of correct responses is required before
reinforcement can be obtained
Examples:
1.
Being paid every two weeks
2.
Being ejected from a basketball game after five fouls
OTHER TERMS RELATED TO OPERANT
CONDITIONING (CONT.)
7. VARIABLE-RATIO SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT
An unpredictable number of responses are
required before reinforcement can be obtained.
Examples:
1. Playing a slot machine
2. Commissions sales
B.F. Skinner describes operant conditioning and schedules of reinforcement
OTHER TERMS RELATED TO OPERANT
CONDITIONING (CONT.)
8. NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
Increasing the strength of a given response by
removing or preventing a painful stimulus when
the response occurs.
Example:
A child who hates liver and is served it for dinner
throws a tantrum. The liver is removed and she
gets her favorite food for dinner instead, a hot
dog.
OTHER TERMS RELATED TO OPERANT
CONDITIONING (CONT.)
9. ESCAPE CONDITIONING
Training of a person to remove or end an
unpleasant stimulus.
Example
Mom removes the liver and gives the child a hot
dog.
OTHER TERMS RELATED TO OPERANT
CONDITIONING (CONT.)
10. AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING
Training of a person to withdraw from or prevent
an unpleasant stimulus before it starts.
Example:
Mom knows that if she doesn’t want her child to
throw a tantrum she won’t server her liver again.
OTHER TERMS RELATED TO OPERANT
CONDITIONING (CONT.)
11. PUNISHMENT
An unpleasant consequence occurs and decreases
the frequency of the behavior that produced it.
Example:
Jail
Detention
Having your phone taken away