Download The lymphatic vessels in the villi of the small intestine, called , are

,are involved in the absorption of
The lymphatic vessels in the villi of the small intestine, called
The smallest vessels in the lymphatic system are called
called
The walls of lymphatic vessels are most similar to the walls of
a, arteries.
b. veins.
The largest lymph vessel is the
a. lumbar trunk.
b. thoracic duct.
Lymph rejoins the blood and becomes part of the plasma in
a. lymph nodes.
b. the right and left subclavian veins.
Tissue fluid originates from
a. the cytoplasm of cells.
b. lymph fluid.
Lymph formation is most directly dependent on
a. increasing osmotic pressure in tissue fluid.
b. a blood pressure of at least 100160.
. The largest vessels are
c.
d.
capillaries.
arterioles.
c.
d.
lymphatic duct.
intestinal trunk.
c.
d.
the inferior and superior venae cavae.
the right atrium.
c.
blood plasma.
c.
a sufficient volume of tissue fluid to create a
pressure gradient between tissue and lymph
capillaries.
diminished peripheral resistance in veins.
d.
The function(s) of lymph are to
a. recapture protein molecules lost in the
c. transport foreign particles to lymph nodes.
capillary bed.
d. recapture electrolytes.
b. form tissue fluid.
The mechanisms that move lymph through lymph vessels are similar to those that move blood through (arterieslveins).
The flow of lymph is greatest during periods of
a. physical exercise.
c. dream sleep.
b. isometric exercise of skeletal muscle.
d. REM sleep.
Obstruction of lymph circulation will lead to
L m p h nodes are shaped like
a. almonds.
c. kidney beans.
b. peas.
d. convex disks.
Compartments within the node contain dense masses of
a. epithelial tissue.
c. oocytes.
b. cilia.
d. lymphocytes.
Inflammation of a lymph node is known as
Clumps of lymph nodes in mucosa of the ileum are called
An infection in the toe would result in enlarged lymph nodes in the
a. axilla.
c. pelvic cavity.
b. inguinal region.
d. abdominal cavity.
Which of the following types of cells are produced by lymph nodes?
a. leukocytes
c. eosinophils
d. basophils
b. lymphocytes
The thymus is located in the
a. posterior neck.
c. upper abdomen.
b. mediastinum.
d. left pelvis.
Which of the following statements about the thymus islare true?
a. The thymus tends to increase in size with
age, as glandular tissue is replaced by fat
and connective tissue.
b. The thymus is relatively large during infancy
and childhood.
The largest of the lymphatic organs is the
Which of the following statements about the spleen islare true?
a. The spleen is located in the lower left
quadrant of the abdomen.
b. The spleen functions in the body's defense
against infection.
c.
d.
c.
d.
The thymus produces a substance called
thymosin that seems to stimulate the
development of lymphatic tissue.
The thymus is a firm, multilobed structure.
The structure of the spleen is exactly like
that of a lymph node.
Splenic pulp contains large phagocytes and
macrophages on the lining of its venous
sinuses.
Agents that enter the body and cause disease are called
Examples of innate defenses are the
a. skin.
c. acid environment of the stomach.
b. antibodies.
d. lymphocytes.
The skin is an example of which of the following defense mechanisms?
a. immunity
c. mechanical barrier
b. inflammation
d. phagocytosis
Innate defensive mechanisms act (more rapidlylmore slowly) than adaptive responses.
The enzyme lysozyme, which has antibacterial ability, is present in which of the following body fluids?
a. sweat
c. tears
b. blood
d. urine
Fever inhibits pathogen growth because
a. the increase in temperature inhibits bacterial
b. changes in body temperature affect the cell
cell division.
walls of microrganisms.
c. it decreases the amount of iron in the blood.
List the four major symptoms of inflammation.
The accumulation of white blood cells, bacterial cells, and damaged tissue cells creates
a. exudate.
c. a scab.
b. pus.
The most active phagocytes in the blood are
and
Phagocytes that remain fixed in position within various organs are called
a. neutrophils.
c. macrophages.
b. monocytes.
Macrophages are located in the lining of blood vessels in the bone marrow, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes; they form
the
system.
The resistance to specific foreign agents in which certain cells recognize foreign substances and act to destroy them is
35.
36.
Some undifferentiated lymphocytes migrate to the
and are then called T lymphocytes.
Foreign proteins to which lymphocytes respond are called
where they undergo changes
Lymphocytes seem to be able to recognize specific foreign proteins because
c. there are changes in the permeability of the
a. of changes in the nucleus of the lymphocyte.
cell membrane of the lymphocyte.
b. the cytoplasm of the lymphocyte is altered.
d. of the presence of receptor molecules on
lymphocytes, which fit the molecules of
antigens.
B lymphocytes respond to foreign protein by
a.
phagocytosis.
c.
producing antigens.
b.
interacting directly with pathogens.
d.
producing antibodies.
immunity.
T cells are responsible for
fraction of plasma.
The antibodies produced by B cells make up the
The immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta from the mother to the fetus is immunoglobulin
a.
b.
A.
c.
M.
G.
Which of the following are actions of antibodies that protect the body against infection?
a. agglutination
c. complement
b. precipitation
d. neutralization
The most protective action of antibodies against antigens is activation of
An accessory cell is necessary to activate (B cellsIT cells).
In which of the following ways are primary and secondary immune responses different?
a. Primary responses are more important than
c. A primary response is a direct response to an
secondary responses.
antigen; a secondary response is indirect.
b. Primary responses produce more antibodies
d. A primary response is the initial response to
than secondary responses.
an antigen; a secondary response is all
subsequent responses to that antigen.
A person who receives ready-made antibodies develops artificially acquired
immunity.
An immune response to a substance harmless to the body is d a n
The type of allergic reaction that occurs very quickly and can lead to death is a(n)
a. Type I reaction.
c.
b. Immune complex reaction.
d.
Which of the following types of grafts are least likely to be rejected?
a. Isograft
c.
antibody-dependent cytotoxic reaction.
anaphylactic reaction.
Allograft
b. Autograft
d. Xenograft
Age-related decline in the competence of the immune system is due to the loss of
The retrovirus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is transmitted by
a. the airborne route.
c. inoculation with infected blood.
b. contact with infected articles.
d. unknown means.
When tolerance to self-substance is lost, and the immune response is directed against the individual's own tissue, the
individual is said to have an
disease.
The rational for giving influenza vaccine to people over 65 is because of
c. decreased effectiveness of the immune
a. increasing numbers of abnormal "T" cells.
b.
increasing size of the thymus gland.
d.
response.
slower antibody response to antigens.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2 1.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
a
a
b
5,000 to 10,000
b,c
yes
platelet or thrombocyte
l.c,2.a,3.b,4.b,5.c
a
albumins, globulins, fibrinogen
b, c, d
b
b, d
b
b
fibrinogen, fibrin
a,c
d
positive
dissmeinated intravascular
coagulation
prothrombin time, partial
prothrombin time
b
streptokinase
d
a
hemophilia
b
a
c
erythroblastosis fetalis
Rhogam
a
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32,
33.
34.
35,
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
5 1.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
15 Mastery Test Answers
58.
59.
1.
2.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8,
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2 1.
22.
23.
24.
external defibrillator
mediastinum
d
a
d
c
atria, ventricles
stretching
a, d
c
a,b
c
aotic
a
cardiac skeleton
coronary arteries
EKC (electrocardiogram)
a
d
decreases
b, c
d
b
b
c
a
endothelium
b
impermeability
dense
filtration, osmosis, difision
a
c
a
diffusion
c
b
valves
b
varicose veins
b
stroke volume
heart action, blood volume,
resistance to flow, viscosity,
peripheral resistance
peripheral resistance
stroke volume, heart rate
c
parasympathetic
b
vasodilator
secondary
a, b, d
a, b
d
b
d
left atrium
c
circle of Willis
hepatic portal system
cholesterol
16 Mastery Test Answers
1.
2.
3.
b
myocardial infarction
decreases
coronary sinus
cardiac cycle
d
b
a
c
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
a
lacteals, fats
lymphatic capillaries,
collecting ducts
b
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
3 1.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41,
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
a
edema
c
d
lymphadenitis
Peyer's patches
b
b
b
b, c
spleen
b, d
pathogens
a, c
c
more rapidly
c
c
redness, swelling, heat, pain
b
neutrophils, monocytes
c
mononuclear phagocyte
(reticuloendothelial)
immunity
thymus gland
antigens
d
d
cell-mediated
gamma globulin
b
a, b
complement
T-cells
d
passive
allergic reaction '
a
a, b
T cells
c
autoimmune
c,d
17 Mastery Test Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
b
b
9.
c
c
a, c
veins
11.
10.
12.
13.
14.
digestion
alimentary canal
accessory organs
b
mixing, propelling
no
b, c
a, c, d
fienulum
c
wisdom teeth
a
c
d