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L6 Proteins Outline 63 Go over NorKam Website ¨ Notes on ¨ ¤ General Properties n Starch n Cellulose n Glycogen L6: Proteins 64 composed of C, H, O, N, and sometimes P and S ¨ generally quite large. A long polymer chain of amino acid subunits linked end to end by a peptide bond ¨ L6 Proteins 65 Molecules composed of one or more chains of amino acids ¨ Functions: ¤ Enzymatic: Guide almost all chemical reactions inside the cell ¤ Structural: n Elastin: gives skin its elasticity n Keratin: makes up hair, horns, nails, scales and feathers ¤ Transport: Hemoglobin moves oxygen ¨ L6: Proteins Overview 66 Monomer • Amino Acid Polypeptide • Several amino acids long Protein • Lots of amino acids L6: Components of Proteins 69 ¨ 1. Amino acids ¤ the building blocks of proteins ¤ while there are many a.a. in nature, only 20 are used in proteins L6: Peptide Bond 71 Dipeptide = a.a. — a.a. L6 Protein Have 4 Levels of Structure 72 1. Primary Structure (1°) ¤ ¤ Has a linear shape It is determined by the order of amino acids in the chain. L6: Protein Have 4 Levels of Structure 73 Secondary Structure (2°) ¤ The α-Helix: n A spring like structure ¨ ¤ β- pleated sheet: n Looks like a folded fan L6 Protein Have 4 Levels of Structure 74 Tertiary Structure (3°) ¨ Shape: Globular (“cupped hand shaped”) ¤ Folding and twisting due to hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts joining and repelling. ¨ L6 Protein Structure 4. Quaternary Structures (4°) ¨ occurs when two or more proteins are joined together to form a protein complex. ¨ Held together by hydrogen bonds or disulphide bridges ¨ 76 L6 Proteins: 78 The function of proteins is directly linked to their 3D structure. ¨ ***Form follows Function*** (vice versa) ¨ When a protein becomes altered because of ¨ ¤ heat Egg Demo ¤ acid ¤ chemicals it becomes denatured and will no longer perform its function. ¨ o p y! ! ot C 83 Do N 21 Amino Acids Do N ot C opy! ! Cont. 84 84 L6 8 Essential Amino Acids 85 • phenylalanine • valine • threonine • tryptophan • isoleucine • methionine • leucine • lysine L6 Complete Proteins 86 ¨ • • • • • • • These foods contain all the essential amino acids beef chicken fish eggs cottage cheese soy vegetables L6 Proteins Assignment 87 Read pgs 38-41 ¨ Do 1-3 pg 41 ¨