Download Chapter 4 Review PP

Review – Chapter
4
Chapter 4
Name three differences between plant
and animal cells.
A – Plant cells – cell wall, larger vacuoles,
chloroplasts. Animal cells – flagellum
and cilia
 What is the purpose of the ribosome?
A – Produces proteins
 What is the power house of the cell?
A – Mitochondria

Cell Parts Continued
What is the purpose of the
endoplasmic reticulum?
A – To transport materials within the cell.
 How do proteins leave the cell?
A – They are packaged in vesicles (at the
end of the Golgi body) and are carried
to the cell membrane.
 What would happen if the nucleus of a
cell was taken out?
A – The cell would die.

DNA
Where is DNA found?
A – The nucleus
 What does DNA stand for?
A – deoxyribonucleic acid
 What shape does DNA take?
A – Double helix
 What three parts make up DNA?
A – Sugar, phosphate, and bases

DNA

What does A, G, C and T stand for?
A – adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

What does adenine pair with?
A – thymine

Most of the time, DNA exists in the nucleus in the form
of what?
A – chromatin

What does DNA code for?
A – proteins
Chromosomes

How many pairs of chromosomes are found in
human cells?
A – 23 pairs

If your 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY, you would
be a …
A – male/boy

Small segments of DNA are called what?
A - genes
Genes/Proteins

What is the importance of genes?
A – stores information needed to produce specific
proteins.

Which of the following are not specialized proteins:
hormones, nucleolus, enzyme?
A – nucleolus

Why are stomach cells different from skin cells?
A – different proteins have been made for each cell.
Protein Production

What does RNA stand for?
A – ribonucleic acid

How is the message for a protein to be made carried
from the nucleus to the ribosomes?
A – DNA message for a specific protein is copied into
RNA which leaves through the nuclear pore and
delivers the message to the ribosome.

What is the function of the Golgi body?
A – To repackages the protein for transport out of the cell.
Gene Mutations
What type of mutation is occurring in the
following DNA sequence (and where):
CATGCCTGACGTCTGATGCCA
Mutation 1: CATGCCTGACCTCTGATGCCA
A – Substitution – CATGCCTGACCTCTGATGCCA
Mutation 2: CATGCCTGACGTCTGATGCCAA
A – Addition – CATGCCTGACGTCTGATGCCAA
Mutation 3: CATCCTGACGTCTGATGCCA
A – Deletion - CATCCTGACGTCTGATGCCA

Mutation Types

A mutation that benefits an individual is what type
of mutation?
A – positive

The substitution of the base A for the base T causes
the protein hemoglobin to take a different shape
and it can not carry oxygen efficiently. What type
of mutation would this be considered?
A - negative
Mutagens

List two different types of environmental mutagens.
A – cigarette smoke, radiation from X-rays or UV rays,
pollutants (mercury), and household chemicals.